Chapter title |
Testosterone Therapy and Glucose Homeostasis in Men with Testosterone Deficiency (Hypogonadism)
|
---|---|
Chapter number | 23 |
Book title |
Sex and Gender Factors Affecting Metabolic Homeostasis, Diabetes and Obesity
|
Published in |
Advances in experimental medicine and biology, January 2017
|
DOI | 10.1007/978-3-319-70178-3_23 |
Pubmed ID | |
Book ISBNs |
978-3-31-970177-6, 978-3-31-970178-3
|
Authors |
Farid Saad |
Abstract |
Since the early 1990s, it has been recognized that testosterone (T) levels are lower in men with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) compared with nondiabetic men (controls). Hypogonadism has been reported in approximately 50% of men with T2DM with robust correlations with measures of obesity, such as waist circumference and body mass index (BMI). In longitudinal studies, hypogonadism has been identified as a predictor of incident T2DM. Experimental withdrawal of T led to acute decreased insulin sensitivity, which can be reversed by normalization of T concentrations. Androgen deprivation therapy, commonly used in men with advanced prostate cancer, increases the risk of incident T2DM significantly.While short-term studies of T therapy in hypogonadal men with T2DM show only minor effects, long-term administration of T leads to meaningful and sustained improvements of glycemic control with parallel reductions in body weight and waist circumference. The more insulin-resistant and obese a patient is at the time of initiation of T therapy, the more improvements are noted. The observed effects are likely mediated by the increase in lean body mass invariably achieved by T therapy, as well as the improvement in energy and motivation, referred to as the psychotropic effects of T. As recommended by various guidelines, measuring T levels and, if indicated, restoring men's T levels into the normal physiological range can have a substantial impact on ameliorating T2DM in hypogonadal men. |
Mendeley readers
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Unknown | 41 | 100% |
Demographic breakdown
Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Researcher | 5 | 12% |
Student > Master | 5 | 12% |
Student > Bachelor | 4 | 10% |
Student > Doctoral Student | 2 | 5% |
Other | 2 | 5% |
Other | 8 | 20% |
Unknown | 15 | 37% |
Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Medicine and Dentistry | 13 | 32% |
Nursing and Health Professions | 5 | 12% |
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 1 | 2% |
Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutical Science | 1 | 2% |
Social Sciences | 1 | 2% |
Other | 3 | 7% |
Unknown | 17 | 41% |