Gap Junction Protocols

Michael D. Fridman, Jun Liu, Yu Sun, Robert M. Hamilton

Mathieu Vinken, Scott R. Johnstone

Gap junctions are essential for the proper function of many native mammalian tissues including neurons, cardiomyocytes, embryonic tissues, and muscle. Assessing these channels is therefore fundamental to understanding disease pathophysiology, developing therapies for a multitude of acquired and genetic conditions, and providing novel approaches to drug delivery and cellular communication. Microinjection is a robust, albeit difficult, technique, which provides considerable information that is superior to many of the simpler techniques due to its ability to isolate cells, quantify kinetics, and allow cross-comparison of multiple cell lines. Despite its user-dependent nature, the strengths of the technique are considerable and with the advent of new, automation technologies may improve further. This text describes the basic technique of microinjection and briefly discusses modern automation advances that can improve the success rates of this technique.