| Chapter title |
Infectious Agents in Bovine Red Meat and Milk and Their Potential Role in Cancer and Other Chronic Diseases
|
|---|---|
| Chapter number | 3 |
| Book title |
Viruses, Genes, and Cancer
|
| Published in |
Current topics in microbiology and immunology, March 2017
|
| DOI | 10.1007/82_2017_3 |
| Pubmed ID | |
| Book ISBNs |
978-3-31-961803-6, 978-3-31-961804-3
|
| Authors |
zur Hausen, Harald, Bund, Timo, de Villiers, Ethel-Michele, Harald zur Hausen, Timo Bund, Ethel-Michele de Villiers |
| Abstract |
Red meat and dairy products have frequently been suggested to represent risk factors for certain cancers, chronic neurodegenerative diseases, and autoimmune and cardiovascular disorders. This review summarizes the evidence and investigates the possible involvement of infectious factors in these diseases. The isolation of small circular single-stranded DNA molecules from serum and dairy products of Eurasian Aurochs (Bos taurus)-derived cattle, obviously persisting as episomes in infected cells, provides the basis for further investigations. Gene expression of these agents in human cells has been demonstrated, and frequent infection of humans is implicated by the detection of antibodies in a high percentage of healthy individuals. Epidemiological observations suggest their relationship to the development multiple sclerosis, to heterophile antibodies, and to N-glycolylneuraminic acid (Neu5Gc) containing cell surface receptors. |
X Demographics
Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| United States | 4 | 21% |
| Spain | 2 | 11% |
| Mexico | 2 | 11% |
| Venezuela, Bolivarian Republic of | 1 | 5% |
| Palestine, State of | 1 | 5% |
| Switzerland | 1 | 5% |
| Unknown | 8 | 42% |
Demographic breakdown
| Type | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Members of the public | 16 | 84% |
| Practitioners (doctors, other healthcare professionals) | 2 | 11% |
| Scientists | 1 | 5% |
Mendeley readers
Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Unknown | 50 | 100% |
Demographic breakdown
| Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Student > Ph. D. Student | 8 | 16% |
| Student > Bachelor | 6 | 12% |
| Student > Doctoral Student | 4 | 8% |
| Researcher | 4 | 8% |
| Student > Master | 4 | 8% |
| Other | 6 | 12% |
| Unknown | 18 | 36% |
| Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 9 | 18% |
| Medicine and Dentistry | 5 | 10% |
| Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 5 | 10% |
| Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutical Science | 2 | 4% |
| Nursing and Health Professions | 2 | 4% |
| Other | 8 | 16% |
| Unknown | 19 | 38% |