Chapter title |
Ristocetin-Induced Platelet Aggregation (RIPA) and RIPA Mixing Studies
|
---|---|
Chapter number | 35 |
Book title |
Hemostasis and Thrombosis
|
Published in |
Methods in molecular biology, January 2017
|
DOI | 10.1007/978-1-4939-7196-1_35 |
Pubmed ID | |
Book ISBNs |
978-1-4939-7194-7, 978-1-4939-7196-1
|
Authors |
Juan Pablo Frontroth, Emmanuel J. Favaloro, Frontroth, Juan Pablo, Favaloro, Emmanuel J. |
Abstract |
Ristocetin-induced platelet aggregation (RIPA) is used as an in vitro test to determine the presence and integrity of the platelet glycoprotein (GP) Ibα-V-IX complex and von Willebrand factor (VWF) interaction and is usually performed using platelet-rich plasma (PRP). Impairment in the response of VWF/GPIbα-V-IX is measured with reference to several established concentrations of ristocetin and may indicate defects in VWF or in GPIbα-V-IX function. RIPA-based mixing studies comprise an additional approach to testing this interaction to help define whether defects identified by RIPA lie in VWF or in GPIbα-V-IX. For example, the correction of an abnormal RIPA trace after mixing PRP with normal plasma and rechallenging with ristocetin at 1.0 mg/mL suggests VWF function/quantity defect. RIPA mixing studies at lower doses of ristocetin (0.5 mg/mL) are recommended for discrimination of von Willebrand disease type 2B (VWD2B) from the rarer platelet-type (PT) VWD and for the phenotypic laboratory diagnosis of VWD2B. The demonstration of a plasma factor capable of inducing platelet aggregation at such low doses of ristocetin represents the hallmark for the phenotypic laboratory diagnosis of VWD2B. Moreover, since both VWD2B and PT-VWD may present with thrombocytopenia, RIPA-based mixing studies are also useful in thrombocytopenic patients in whom RIPA testing is difficult to assess. |
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