Chapter title |
New Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms of Tolerance: Tolerogenic Actions of IL-2.
|
---|---|
Chapter number | 2 |
Book title |
Suppression and Regulation of Immune Responses
|
Published in |
Methods in molecular biology, January 2016
|
DOI | 10.1007/978-1-4939-3139-2_2 |
Pubmed ID | |
Book ISBNs |
978-1-4939-3138-5, 978-1-4939-3139-2
|
Authors |
Pérol, Louis, Piaggio, Eliane, Louis Pérol, Eliane Piaggio |
Abstract |
Interleukin-2 (IL-2) is an old molecule with brand new functions. Indeed, IL-2 has been first described as a T-cell growth factor but recent data pointed out that its main function in vivo is the maintenance of immune tolerance. Mechanistically, IL-2 is essential for the development and function of CD4(+) Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells (Treg cells) that are essential players in the control of immune responded to self, tumors, microbes and grafts. Treg cells are exquisitely sensitive to IL-2 due to their constitutive expression of the high affinity IL-2 receptor (IL-2R) and the new paradigm suggests that low-doses of IL-2 could selectively boost Treg cells in vivo. Consequently, a growing body of clinical research is aiming at using IL-2 at low doses as a tolerogenic drug to boost endogenous Treg cells in patients suffering from autoimmune or inflammatory conditions. In this manuscript, we briefly review IL-2/IL-2R biology and the role of IL-2 in the development, maintenance, and function of Treg cells; and also its effects on other immune cell populations such as CD4(+) T helper cells and CD8(+) memory T cells. Then, focusing on type 1 diabetes, we review the preclinical studies and clinical trials supporting the use of low-doses IL-2 as a tolerogenic immunotherapy. Finally, we discuss the limitations and future directions for IL-2 based immunotherapy. |
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United Kingdom | 1 | 100% |
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Members of the public | 1 | 100% |
Mendeley readers
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Argentina | 1 | 6% |
Unknown | 15 | 94% |
Demographic breakdown
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Student > Bachelor | 2 | 13% |
Student > Ph. D. Student | 2 | 13% |
Researcher | 2 | 13% |
Unspecified | 1 | 6% |
Student > Master | 1 | 6% |
Other | 0 | 0% |
Unknown | 8 | 50% |
Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
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Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 2 | 13% |
Unspecified | 1 | 6% |
Veterinary Science and Veterinary Medicine | 1 | 6% |
Unknown | 8 | 50% |