| Chapter title |
The Chemistry and Pharmacology of Synthetic Cannabinoid Receptor Agonist New Psychoactive Substances: Evolution
|
|---|---|
| Chapter number | 144 |
| Book title |
Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology
|
| Published in |
Handbook of experimental pharmacology, August 2018
|
| DOI | 10.1007/164_2018_144 |
| Pubmed ID | |
| Book ISBNs |
978-3-03-010560-0, 978-3-03-010561-7
|
| Authors |
Samuel D. Banister, Mark Connor, Banister, Samuel D., Connor, Mark |
| Abstract |
Synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonists (SCRAs) are the largest and most structurally diverse class of new psychoactive substances (NPS). Although the earliest SCRA NPS were simply repurposed from historical academic manuscripts or pharmaceutical patents describing cannabinoid ligands, recent examples bear hallmarks of rational design. SCRA NPS manufacturers have applied traditional medicinal chemistry strategies (such as molecular hybridization, bioisosteric replacement, and scaffold hopping) to existing cannabinoid templates in order to generate new molecules that circumvent structure-based legislation. Most SCRAs potently activate cannabinoid type 1 and type 2 receptors (CB1 and CB2, respectively), with the former contributing to the psychoactivity of these substances. SCRAs are generally more toxic than the Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC) found in cannabis, and this may be due to ligand bias, metabolism, or off-target activity. This chapter will chart the evolution of recently identified SCRA NPS chemotypes, as well as their putative manufacturing by-products and thermolytic degradants, and describe structure-activity relationships within each class. |
X Demographics
Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| United States | 5 | 38% |
| Australia | 2 | 15% |
| Norway | 1 | 8% |
| Portugal | 1 | 8% |
| Unknown | 4 | 31% |
Demographic breakdown
| Type | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Members of the public | 10 | 77% |
| Scientists | 3 | 23% |
Mendeley readers
Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Unknown | 27 | 100% |
Demographic breakdown
| Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Student > Master | 7 | 26% |
| Student > Bachelor | 5 | 19% |
| Student > Ph. D. Student | 3 | 11% |
| Other | 2 | 7% |
| Student > Doctoral Student | 2 | 7% |
| Other | 2 | 7% |
| Unknown | 6 | 22% |
| Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutical Science | 10 | 37% |
| Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 4 | 15% |
| Chemistry | 2 | 7% |
| Medicine and Dentistry | 2 | 7% |
| Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 1 | 4% |
| Other | 1 | 4% |
| Unknown | 7 | 26% |