Chapter title |
General Strategies in Inflammasome Biology
|
---|---|
Chapter number | 1 |
Book title |
Inflammasome Signaling and Bacterial Infections
|
Published in |
Current topics in microbiology and immunology, January 2016
|
DOI | 10.1007/978-3-319-41171-2_1 |
Pubmed ID | |
Book ISBNs |
978-3-31-941170-5, 978-3-31-941171-2
|
Authors |
Dubois, Hanne, Wullaert, Andy, Lamkanfi, Mohamed, Hanne Dubois, Andy Wullaert, Mohamed Lamkanfi |
Abstract |
The complementary actions of the innate and adaptive immune systems often provide effective host defense against microbial pathogens and harmful environmental agents. Germline-encoded pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) endow the innate immune system with the ability to detect and mount a rapid response against a given threat. Members of several intracellular PRR families, including the nucleotide-binding domain and leucine-rich repeat containing receptors (NLRs), the AIM2-like receptors (ALRs), and the tripartite motif-containing (TRIM) protein Pyrin/TRIM20, nucleate the formation of inflammasomes. These cytosolic scaffolds serve to recruit and oligomerize the cysteine protease caspase-1 in filaments that promote its proximity-induced autoactivation. This oligomerization occurs either directly or indirectly through intervention of the bipartite adaptor protein ASC, apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a caspase recruitment domain (CARD), which is needed for the domain interaction. Caspase-1 cleaves the precursors of the inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18 and triggers their release into the extracellular space, where they act on effector cells to promote both local and systemic immune responses. Additionally, inflammasome activation gives rise to a lytic mode of cell death, named pyroptosis, which is thought to contribute to initial host defense against infection by eliminating replication niches of intracellular pathogens and exposing them to the immune system. Inflammasome-induced host defense responses are the subject of intense investigation, and understanding their physiological roles during infection and the regulatory circuits that are involved is becoming increasingly detailed. Here, we discuss current understanding of the activation mechanisms and biological outcomes of inflammasome activation. |
Mendeley readers
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Unknown | 25 | 100% |
Demographic breakdown
Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
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Researcher | 5 | 20% |
Student > Bachelor | 4 | 16% |
Student > Master | 4 | 16% |
Student > Ph. D. Student | 3 | 12% |
Student > Doctoral Student | 2 | 8% |
Other | 2 | 8% |
Unknown | 5 | 20% |
Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 6 | 24% |
Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 3 | 12% |
Immunology and Microbiology | 2 | 8% |
Medicine and Dentistry | 2 | 8% |
Psychology | 2 | 8% |
Other | 3 | 12% |
Unknown | 7 | 28% |