| Chapter title |
Side Effects of Anabolic Androgenic Steroids: Pathological Findings and Structure–Activity Relationships
|
|---|---|
| Chapter number | 19 |
| Book title |
Doping in Sports: Biochemical Principles, Effects and Analysis
|
| Published in |
Handbook of experimental pharmacology, September 2009
|
| DOI | 10.1007/978-3-540-79088-4_19 |
| Pubmed ID | |
| Book ISBNs |
978-3-54-079087-7, 978-3-54-079088-4
|
| Authors |
Büttner A, Thieme D, Andreas Büttner, Detlef Thieme, Büttner, Andreas, Thieme, Detlef |
| Editors |
Detlef Thieme, Peter Hemmersbach |
| Abstract |
Side effects of anabolic steroids with relevance in forensic medicine are mainly due to life-threatening health risks with potential fatal outcome and cases of uncertain limitations of criminal liability after steroid administration. Both problems are typically associated with long-term abuse and excessive overdose of anabolic steroids. Side effects may be due to direct genomic or nongenomic activities (myotrophic, hepatotoxic), can result from down-regulation of endogenous biosynthesis (antiandrogenic) or be indirect consequence of steroid biotransformation (estrogenic).Logically, there are no systematic clinical studies available and the number of causally determined fatalities is fairly limited. The following compilation reviews typical abundant observations in cases where nonnatural deaths (mostly liver failure and sudden cardiac death) were concurrent with steroid abuse. Moreover, frequent associations between structural characteristics and typical side effects are summarized. |
X Demographics
Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Canada | 1 | 33% |
| Argentina | 1 | 33% |
| Unknown | 1 | 33% |
Demographic breakdown
| Type | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Members of the public | 3 | 100% |
Mendeley readers
Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| United Kingdom | 1 | 2% |
| United States | 1 | 2% |
| Portugal | 1 | 2% |
| Canada | 1 | 2% |
| Unknown | 52 | 93% |
Demographic breakdown
| Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Researcher | 9 | 16% |
| Student > Bachelor | 8 | 14% |
| Student > Master | 6 | 11% |
| Student > Ph. D. Student | 5 | 9% |
| Student > Doctoral Student | 3 | 5% |
| Other | 6 | 11% |
| Unknown | 19 | 34% |
| Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Medicine and Dentistry | 8 | 14% |
| Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 4 | 7% |
| Psychology | 4 | 7% |
| Sports and Recreations | 3 | 5% |
| Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutical Science | 3 | 5% |
| Other | 12 | 21% |
| Unknown | 22 | 39% |