| Chapter title |
Masking and Manipulation
|
|---|---|
| Chapter number | 15 |
| Book title |
Doping in Sports: Biochemical Principles, Effects and Analysis
|
| Published in |
Handbook of experimental pharmacology, September 2009
|
| DOI | 10.1007/978-3-540-79088-4_15 |
| Pubmed ID | |
| Book ISBNs |
978-3-54-079087-7, 978-3-54-079088-4
|
| Authors |
Jordi Segura, Ventura R, Segura J, Rosa Ventura |
| Editors |
Detlef Thieme, Peter Hemmersbach |
| Abstract |
The list of prohibited substances in sports includes a group of masking agents that are forbidden in both in- and out-of-competition doping tests. This group consists of a series of compounds that are misused in sports to mask the administration of other doping agents, and includes: diuretics, used to reduce the concentration in urine of other doping agents either by increasing the urine volume or by reducing the excretion of basic doping agents by increasing the urinary pH; probenecid, used to reduce the concentration in urine of acidic compounds, such as glucuronoconjugates of some doping agents; 5alpha-reductase inhibitors, used to reduce the formation of 5alpha-reduced metabolites of anabolic androgenic steroids; plasma expanders, used to maintain the plasma volume after misuse of erythropoietin or red blood cells concentrates; and epitestosterone, used to mask the detection of the administration of testosterone. Diuretics may be also misused to achieve acute weight loss before competition in sports with weight categories. In this chapter, pharmacological modes of action, intended pharmacological effects for doping purposes, main routes of biotransformation and analytical procedures used for anti-doping controls to screen and confirm these substances will be reviewed and discussed. |
X Demographics
Geographical breakdown
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|---|---|---|
| Norway | 4 | 67% |
| Spain | 1 | 17% |
| Unknown | 1 | 17% |
Demographic breakdown
| Type | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Members of the public | 5 | 83% |
| Science communicators (journalists, bloggers, editors) | 1 | 17% |
Mendeley readers
Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Canada | 1 | 3% |
| Australia | 1 | 3% |
| Unknown | 29 | 94% |
Demographic breakdown
| Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Student > Bachelor | 6 | 19% |
| Researcher | 4 | 13% |
| Student > Master | 3 | 10% |
| Other | 2 | 6% |
| Student > Ph. D. Student | 2 | 6% |
| Other | 7 | 23% |
| Unknown | 7 | 23% |
| Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutical Science | 6 | 19% |
| Medicine and Dentistry | 3 | 10% |
| Chemistry | 3 | 10% |
| Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 3 | 10% |
| Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 2 | 6% |
| Other | 2 | 6% |
| Unknown | 12 | 39% |