| Chapter title |
Molecular components of the mammalian circadian clock
|
|---|---|
| Chapter number | 1 |
| Book title |
Circadian Clocks
|
| Published in |
Handbook of experimental pharmacology, March 2013
|
| DOI | 10.1007/978-3-642-25950-0_1 |
| Pubmed ID | |
| Book ISBNs |
978-3-64-225949-4, 978-3-64-225950-0
|
| Authors |
Ethan D. Buhr, Joseph S. Takahashi, Buhr, Ethan D., Takahashi, Joseph S. |
| Editors |
Achim Kramer, Martha Merrow |
| Abstract |
Mammals synchronize their circadian activity primarily to the cycles of light and darkness in the environment. This is achieved by ocular photoreception relaying signals to the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) in the hypothalamus. Signals from the SCN cause the synchronization of independent circadian clocks throughout the body to appropriate phases. Signals that can entrain these peripheral clocks include humoral signals, metabolic factors, and body temperature. At the level of individual tissues, thousands of genes are brought to unique phases through the actions of a local transcription/translation-based feedback oscillator and systemic cues. In this molecular clock, the proteins CLOCK and BMAL1 cause the transcription of genes which ultimately feedback and inhibit CLOCK and BMAL1 transcriptional activity. Finally, there are also other molecular circadian oscillators which can act independently of the transcription-based clock in all species which have been tested. |
Mendeley readers
Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| United States | 3 | <1% |
| Portugal | 1 | <1% |
| Netherlands | 1 | <1% |
| Chile | 1 | <1% |
| Czechia | 1 | <1% |
| Germany | 1 | <1% |
| Mexico | 1 | <1% |
| Canada | 1 | <1% |
| Spain | 1 | <1% |
| Other | 1 | <1% |
| Unknown | 739 | 98% |
Demographic breakdown
| Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Student > Bachelor | 164 | 22% |
| Student > Ph. D. Student | 140 | 19% |
| Student > Master | 104 | 14% |
| Researcher | 62 | 8% |
| Student > Doctoral Student | 38 | 5% |
| Other | 85 | 11% |
| Unknown | 158 | 21% |
| Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 185 | 25% |
| Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 141 | 19% |
| Medicine and Dentistry | 73 | 10% |
| Neuroscience | 72 | 10% |
| Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutical Science | 18 | 2% |
| Other | 89 | 12% |
| Unknown | 173 | 23% |