Chapter title |
Tendon Innervation
|
---|---|
Chapter number | 4 |
Book title |
Metabolic Influences on Risk for Tendon Disorders
|
Published in |
Advances in experimental medicine and biology, August 2016
|
DOI | 10.1007/978-3-319-33943-6_4 |
Pubmed ID | |
Book ISBNs |
978-3-31-933941-2, 978-3-31-933943-6
|
Authors |
Paul W. Ackermann, Paul Salo, David A. Hart, Ackermann, Paul W., Salo, Paul, Hart, David A. |
Editors |
Paul W. Ackermann, David A. Hart |
Abstract |
The regulation of tendon metabolism including the responses to loading is far from being well understood. During the last decade, however, accumulating data show that tendon innervation in addition to afferent functions, via efferent pathways has a regulatory role in tendon homeostasis via a wide range of neuromediators, which coordinate metabolic and neuro-inflammatory pathways.Innervation of intact healthy tendons is localized in the surrounding structures, i.e paratenon, endotenon and epitenon, whereas the tendon proper is practically devoid of neuronal supply. This anatomical finding reflects that the tendon metabolism is regulated from the tendon envelope, i.e. interfascicular matrix (see Chap. 1 ).Tendon innervation after injury and during repair, however, is found as extensive nerve ingrowth into the tendon proper, followed by a time-dependent emergence of different neuronal mediators, which amplify and fine-tune inflammatory and metabolic pathways in tendon regeneration. After healing nerve fibers retract to the tendon envelope.In tendinopathy innervation has been identified to consist of excessive and protracted nerve ingrowth in the tendon proper, suggesting pro-inflammatory, nociceptive and hypertrophic (degenerative) tissue responses.In metabolic disorders such as eg. diabetes impaired tendon healing has been established to be related to dysregulation of neuronal growth factors.Targeted approaches to the peripheral nervous system including neuronal mediators and their receptors may prove to be effective therapies for painful, degenerative and traumatic tendon disorders. |
Mendeley readers
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Unknown | 58 | 100% |
Demographic breakdown
Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Student > Master | 8 | 14% |
Student > Ph. D. Student | 6 | 10% |
Student > Bachelor | 5 | 9% |
Professor > Associate Professor | 5 | 9% |
Student > Doctoral Student | 3 | 5% |
Other | 9 | 16% |
Unknown | 22 | 38% |
Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Medicine and Dentistry | 13 | 22% |
Nursing and Health Professions | 10 | 17% |
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 5 | 9% |
Engineering | 5 | 9% |
Neuroscience | 2 | 3% |
Other | 2 | 3% |
Unknown | 21 | 36% |