Chapter title |
Sex Hormones and Tendon
|
---|---|
Chapter number | 13 |
Book title |
Metabolic Influences on Risk for Tendon Disorders
|
Published in |
Advances in experimental medicine and biology, August 2016
|
DOI | 10.1007/978-3-319-33943-6_13 |
Pubmed ID | |
Book ISBNs |
978-3-31-933941-2, 978-3-31-933943-6
|
Authors |
Mette Hansen, Michael Kjaer, Hansen, Mette, Kjaer, Michael |
Editors |
Paul W. Ackermann, David A. Hart |
Abstract |
The risk of overuse and traumatic tendon and ligament injuries differ between women and men. Part of this gender difference in injury risk is probably explained by sex hormonal differences which are specifically distinct during the sexual maturation in the teenage years and during young adulthood. The effects of the separate sex hormones are not fully elucidated. However, in women, the presence of estrogen in contrast to very low estrogen levels may be beneficial during regular loading of the tissue or during recovering after an injury, as estrogen can enhance tendon collagen synthesis rate. Yet, in active young female athletes, physiological high concentration of estrogen may enhance the risk of injuries due to reduced fibrillar crosslinking and enhanced joint laxity. In men, testosterone can enhance tendon stiffness due to an enhanced tendon collagen turnover and collagen content, but testosterone has also been linked to a reduced responsiveness to relaxin. The present chapter will focus on sex difference in tendon injury risk, tendon morphology and tendon collagen turnover, but also on the specific effects of estrogen and androgens. |
X Demographics
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Unknown | 3 | 100% |
Demographic breakdown
Type | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Scientists | 1 | 33% |
Science communicators (journalists, bloggers, editors) | 1 | 33% |
Members of the public | 1 | 33% |
Mendeley readers
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Netherlands | 1 | <1% |
Brazil | 1 | <1% |
Unknown | 136 | 99% |
Demographic breakdown
Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Student > Master | 21 | 15% |
Student > Ph. D. Student | 17 | 12% |
Student > Doctoral Student | 12 | 9% |
Student > Bachelor | 12 | 9% |
Researcher | 8 | 6% |
Other | 21 | 15% |
Unknown | 47 | 34% |
Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Medicine and Dentistry | 27 | 20% |
Nursing and Health Professions | 22 | 16% |
Sports and Recreations | 15 | 11% |
Engineering | 7 | 5% |
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 6 | 4% |
Other | 9 | 7% |
Unknown | 52 | 38% |