| Chapter title |
Challenges for Integrating Immunotoxicology into the Twenty-First-Century Toxicology Testing Paradigm
|
|---|---|
| Chapter number | 23 |
| Book title |
Immunotoxicity Testing
|
| Published in |
Methods in molecular biology, January 2018
|
| DOI | 10.1007/978-1-4939-8549-4_23 |
| Pubmed ID | |
| Book ISBNs |
978-1-4939-8548-7, 978-1-4939-8549-4
|
| Authors |
Peer W. F. Karmaus, Agnes L. Karmaus |
| Abstract |
An emerging emphasis on mechanism-focused and human-relevant alternatives to animal use in toxicology underlies the toxicology testing in the twenty-first-century initiative. Herein we describe in vitro high-throughput screening programs seeking to address this goal, as well as strategies established to integrate assay results to build weight of evidence in support of hazard assessment. Furthermore, we discuss unique challenges facing the application of such alternatives for assessing immunotoxicity given the complexity of immune responses. Addressing these challenges will require the development of novel in vitro assays that evaluate well-characterized biochemical processes involved in immune response to help inform on putative adverse outcomes in vivo. |
Mendeley readers
Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Unknown | 4 | 100% |
Demographic breakdown
| Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Student > Bachelor | 2 | 50% |
| Professor > Associate Professor | 1 | 25% |
| Student > Doctoral Student | 1 | 25% |
| Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Environmental Science | 1 | 25% |
| Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 1 | 25% |
| Social Sciences | 1 | 25% |
| Medicine and Dentistry | 1 | 25% |