Chapter title |
Poliovirus Laboratory Based Surveillance: An Overview
|
---|---|
Chapter number | 2 |
Book title |
Poliovirus
|
Published in |
Methods in molecular biology, January 2016
|
DOI | 10.1007/978-1-4939-3292-4_2 |
Pubmed ID | |
Book ISBNs |
978-1-4939-3291-7, 978-1-4939-3292-4
|
Authors |
Zaidi, Syed Sohail Zahoor, Asghar, Humayun, Sharif, Salmaan, Alam, Muhammad Masroor, Syed Sohail Zahoor Zaidi, Humayun Asghar, Salmaan Sharif, Muhammad Masroor Alam |
Abstract |
World Health Assembly (WHA) in 1988 encouraged the member states to launch Global Polio Eradication Initiative (GPEI) (resolution WHA41.28) against "the Crippler" called poliovirus, through strong routine immunization program and intensified surveillance systems. Since its launch, global incidence of poliomyelitis has been reduced by more than 99 % and the disease squeezed to only three endemic countries (Afghanistan, Pakistan, and Nigeria) out of 125. Today, poliomyelitis is on the verge of eradication, and their etiological agents, the three poliovirus serotypes, are on the brink of extinction from the natural environment. The last case of poliomyelitis due to wild type 2 strain occurred in 1999 in Uttar Pradesh, India whereas the last paralytic case due to wild poliovirus type 3 (WPV3) was seen in November, 2012 in Yobe, Nigeria. Despite this progress, undetected circulation cannot fully rule out the eradication as most of the poliovirus infections are entirely subclinical; hence sophisticated environmental surveillance is needed to ensure the complete eradication of virus. Moreover, the vaccine virus in under-immunized communities can sometimes revert and attain wild type characteristics posing a big challenge to the program. |
Mendeley readers
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Unknown | 42 | 100% |
Demographic breakdown
Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Researcher | 8 | 19% |
Student > Master | 7 | 17% |
Student > Doctoral Student | 5 | 12% |
Student > Bachelor | 3 | 7% |
Student > Ph. D. Student | 3 | 7% |
Other | 5 | 12% |
Unknown | 11 | 26% |
Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Medicine and Dentistry | 7 | 17% |
Immunology and Microbiology | 4 | 10% |
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 3 | 7% |
Nursing and Health Professions | 3 | 7% |
Psychology | 3 | 7% |
Other | 5 | 12% |
Unknown | 17 | 40% |