Chapter title |
Hypothalamic Dysfunction in Obesity and Metabolic Disorders
|
---|---|
Chapter number | 4 |
Book title |
Obesity and Brain Function
|
Published in |
Advances in neurobiology, January 2017
|
DOI | 10.1007/978-3-319-63260-5_4 |
Pubmed ID | |
Book ISBNs |
978-3-31-963259-9, 978-3-31-963260-5
|
Authors |
Sara Carmo-Silva, Cláudia Cavadas, Carmo-Silva, Sara, Cavadas, Cláudia |
Abstract |
The hypothalamus is the brain region responsible for the maintenance of energetic homeostasis. The regulation of this process arises from the ability of the hypothalamus to orchestrate complex physiological responses such as food intake and energy expenditure, circadian rhythm, stress response, and fertility. Metabolic alterations such as obesity can compromise these hypothalamic regulatory functions. Alterations in circadian rhythm, stress response, and fertility further contribute to aggravate the metabolic dysfunction of obesity and contribute to the development of chronic disorders such as depression and infertility.At cellular level, obesity caused by overnutrition can damage the hypothalamus promoting inflammation and impairing hypothalamic neurogenesis. Furthermore, hypothalamic neurons suffer apoptosis and impairment in synaptic plasticity that can compromise the proper functioning of the hypothalamus. Several factors contribute to these phenomena such as ER stress, oxidative stress, and impairments in autophagy. All these observations occur at the same time and it is still difficult to discern whether inflammatory processes are the main drivers of these cellular dysfunctions or if the hypothalamic hormone resistance (insulin, leptin, and ghrelin) can be pinpointed as the source of several of these events.Understanding the mechanisms that underlie the pathophysiology of obesity in the hypothalamus is crucial for the development of strategies that can prevent or attenuate the deleterious effects of obesity. |
X Demographics
Geographical breakdown
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Unknown | 2 | 100% |
Demographic breakdown
Type | Count | As % |
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Members of the public | 2 | 100% |
Mendeley readers
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
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Unknown | 72 | 100% |
Demographic breakdown
Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
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Student > Bachelor | 13 | 18% |
Researcher | 9 | 13% |
Student > Master | 8 | 11% |
Student > Ph. D. Student | 7 | 10% |
Student > Postgraduate | 5 | 7% |
Other | 13 | 18% |
Unknown | 17 | 24% |
Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
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Medicine and Dentistry | 14 | 19% |
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 9 | 13% |
Nursing and Health Professions | 6 | 8% |
Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 5 | 7% |
Neuroscience | 5 | 7% |
Other | 9 | 13% |
Unknown | 24 | 33% |