| Chapter title |
What Is Lipotoxicity?
|
|---|---|
| Chapter number | 8 |
| Book title |
Obesity and Lipotoxicity
|
| Published in |
Advances in experimental medicine and biology, June 2017
|
| DOI | 10.1007/978-3-319-48382-5_8 |
| Pubmed ID | |
| Book ISBNs |
978-3-31-948380-1, 978-3-31-948382-5
|
| Authors |
Ayse Basak Engin Ph.D., Ph.D., Ayse Basak Engin, Engin, Ayse Basak |
| Editors |
Ayse Basak Engin, Atilla Engin |
| Abstract |
Enlarged fat cells in obese adipose tissue diminish capacity to store fat and are resistant to the anti-lipolytic effect of insulin. Insulin resistance (IR)-associated S-nitrosylation of insulin-signaling proteins increases in obesity. In accordance with the inhibition of insulin-mediated anti-lipolytic action, plasma free fatty acid (FFA) levels increase. Additionally, endoplasmic reticulum stress stimuli induce lipolysis by activating cyclic adenosine monophosphate/Protein kinase A (cAMP/PKA) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase ½ (ERK1/2) signaling in adipocytes. Failure of packaging of excess lipid into lipid droplets causes chronic elevation of circulating fatty acids, which can reach to toxic levels within non-adipose tissues. Deleterious effects of lipid accumulation in non-adipose tissues are known as lipotoxicity. In fact, triglycerides may also serve a storage function for long-chain non-esterified fatty acids and their products such as ceramides and diacylglycerols (DAGs). Thus, excess DAG, ceramide and saturated fatty acids in obesity can induce chronic inflammation and have harmful effect on multiple organs and systems. In this context, chronic adipose tissue inflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction and IR have been discussed within the scope of lipotoxicity. |
X Demographics
Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| United Kingdom | 1 | 25% |
| Finland | 1 | 25% |
| Spain | 1 | 25% |
| Unknown | 1 | 25% |
Demographic breakdown
| Type | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Members of the public | 3 | 75% |
| Practitioners (doctors, other healthcare professionals) | 1 | 25% |
Mendeley readers
Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Unknown | 228 | 100% |
Demographic breakdown
| Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Student > Ph. D. Student | 33 | 14% |
| Student > Master | 32 | 14% |
| Student > Bachelor | 27 | 12% |
| Student > Doctoral Student | 23 | 10% |
| Researcher | 19 | 8% |
| Other | 22 | 10% |
| Unknown | 72 | 32% |
| Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 49 | 21% |
| Medicine and Dentistry | 37 | 16% |
| Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 23 | 10% |
| Nursing and Health Professions | 9 | 4% |
| Sports and Recreations | 6 | 3% |
| Other | 22 | 10% |
| Unknown | 82 | 36% |