Small Molecule Microarrays

Verena Katharina Meyer, Daniela Meloni, Fabio Olivo, Erwin Märtlbauer, Richard Dietrich, Reinhard Niessner, Michael Seidel

Mahesh Uttamchandani, Shao Q. Yao

Small molecules like antibiotics or other pharmaceuticals can be detected and quantified, among others, with indirect competitive immunoassays. With regard to multiplex quantification, these tests can be performed as chemiluminescence microarray immunoassays, in which, in principle, the analyte in the sample and the same substance immobilized on the chip surface compete for a limited number of specific antibody binding sites. The amount of the specific primary antibody that has been bound to the surface is visualized by means of a chemiluminescence reaction.Validated quantitative confirmatory methods for the detection of contaminants, for example drug residues, in food samples usually comprise chromatographic analysis and spectrometric detection, e.g., HPLC-MS, GC-MS, or GC with electron capture detection. Here, we describe a validation procedure (according to the Commission Decision of the European Communities 2002/657/EC) for multiplex immunoassays performed as flow-through chemiluminescence microarrays, using the example of a small molecule microarray for the simultaneous detection of 13 antibiotics in milk. By this means, we suggest to accept multianalyte immunoassays as confirmatory methods as well, to benefit from the advantages of a fast automated method that does not need any pretreatment of the sample. The presented microarray chip is regenerable, so an internal calibration is implemented. Therefore, the analytical results are highly precise, combined with low costs (the aim for commercialization is less than 1 € per analyte per sample, this is significantly less than HPLC-MS).