Chapter title |
The Interleukin-1 Family.
|
---|---|
Chapter number | 2 |
Book title |
Regulation of Cytokine Gene Expression in Immunity and Diseases
|
Published in |
Advances in experimental medicine and biology, October 2016
|
DOI | 10.1007/978-94-024-0921-5_2 |
Pubmed ID | |
Book ISBNs |
978-9-40-240919-2, 978-9-40-240921-5
|
Authors |
Amir S. Yazdi, Kamran Ghoreschi, Yazdi, Amir S., Ghoreschi, Kamran |
Editors |
Xiaojing Ma |
Abstract |
The interleukin-1 (IL-1) family consists of several pro- or anti-inflammatory proteins, with pro-inflammatory IL-1β being its best characterized member. IL-1β is one of the most prominent mediators of inflammation resulting in fever and immune activation via binding to IL-1 receptor 1. Due to its potency, its secretion is tightly regulated. First the transcription of the biologically inactive proform is induced by TLR activation, TNF, or IL-1 receptor activation by mature IL-1α or IL-1β. For the secretion of IL-1β, inflammasome activation as second stimulus is needed. Inflammasomes are cytosolic protein complexes whose activation results in the maturation of inflammatory caspases such as caspase-1. Caspase-1 then cleaves the inactive pro-IL-1β into its mature form which is then being secreted. While IL-1α and IL-1β are considered pro-inflammatory, IL-1Ra as a naturally occurring receptor antagonist acts as an inhibitor on IL-1 receptor signaling. Further members of the IL-1 family, such as IL-18, IL-33, or IL-36, are even involved in T-helper-cell differentiation and will also be discussed in this chapter. |
Mendeley readers
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Unknown | 127 | 100% |
Demographic breakdown
Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Student > Bachelor | 19 | 15% |
Student > Ph. D. Student | 17 | 13% |
Student > Master | 10 | 8% |
Researcher | 8 | 6% |
Student > Doctoral Student | 5 | 4% |
Other | 10 | 8% |
Unknown | 58 | 46% |
Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Medicine and Dentistry | 22 | 17% |
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 20 | 16% |
Immunology and Microbiology | 6 | 5% |
Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutical Science | 5 | 4% |
Nursing and Health Professions | 4 | 3% |
Other | 9 | 7% |
Unknown | 61 | 48% |