Chapter title |
Growth Factors and Cytokines in Skeletal Muscle Development, Growth, Regeneration and Disease
|
---|---|
Chapter number | 6 |
Book title |
Growth Factors and Cytokines in Skeletal Muscle Development, Growth, Regeneration and Disease
|
Published in |
Advances in experimental medicine and biology, March 2016
|
DOI | 10.1007/978-3-319-27511-6_6 |
Pubmed ID | |
Book ISBNs |
978-3-31-927509-3, 978-3-31-927511-6
|
Authors |
Coles, C A, C. A. Coles, Coles, C. A. |
Editors |
Jason White, Gayle Smythe |
Abstract |
Adipose tissue not only functions as a reserve to store energy but has become of major interest as an endocrine organ, releasing signalling molecules termed adipokines which impact on other tissues, such as skeletal muscle. Adipocytes, within skeletal muscle and adipose tissue, secrete adipokines to finely maintain the balance between feed intake and energy expenditure. This book chapter focuses on the three adipokines, adiponectin, leptin and IL-6, which have potent effects on skeletal muscle during rest and exercise. Similarly, adiponectin, leptin and IL-6 enhance glucose uptake and increase fatty acid oxidation in skeletal muscle. Fatty acid oxidation is increased through activation of AMPK (adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase signalling) causing phosphorylation and inhibition of ACC (acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase), decreasing availability of malonyl CoA. Leptin and adiponectin also control feed intake via AMPK signalling in the hypothalamus. Adipokines function to maintain energy homeostasis, however, when feed intake exceeds energy expenditure adipokines can become dysregulated causing lipotoxicity in skeletal muscle and metabolic disease can prevail. Cross-talk between adipocytes and skeletal muscle via correct control by adipokines is important in controlling energy homeostasis during rest and exercise and can help prevent metabolic disease. |
X Demographics
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United Kingdom | 1 | 17% |
Unknown | 3 | 50% |
Demographic breakdown
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Members of the public | 3 | 50% |
Scientists | 3 | 50% |
Mendeley readers
Geographical breakdown
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Spain | 1 | 2% |
Unknown | 51 | 98% |
Demographic breakdown
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Student > Bachelor | 8 | 15% |
Professor | 5 | 10% |
Student > Doctoral Student | 4 | 8% |
Student > Ph. D. Student | 4 | 8% |
Professor > Associate Professor | 4 | 8% |
Other | 11 | 21% |
Unknown | 16 | 31% |
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Nursing and Health Professions | 4 | 8% |
Sports and Recreations | 4 | 8% |
Medicine and Dentistry | 4 | 8% |
Other | 7 | 13% |
Unknown | 16 | 31% |