Chapter title |
Newly Emerging Drugs of Abuse.
|
---|---|
Chapter number | 260 |
Book title |
Substance Use Disorders
|
Published in |
Handbook of experimental pharmacology, October 2019
|
DOI | 10.1007/164_2019_260 |
Pubmed ID | |
Book ISBNs |
978-3-03-033678-3, 978-3-03-033679-0
|
Authors |
Tamama, Kenichi, Lynch, Michael J, Kenichi Tamama, Michael J. Lynch, Lynch, Michael J. |
Abstract |
Drug use and the associated overdose deaths have been a serious public health threat in the United States and the world. While traditional drugs of abuse such as cocaine remain popular, recreational use of newer synthetic drugs has continued to increase, but the prevalence of use is likely underestimated. In this review, epidemiology, chemistry, pharmacophysiology, clinical effects, laboratory detection, and clinical treatment are discussed for newly emerging drugs of abuse in the following classes: (1) opioids (e.g., fentanyl, fentanyl analogues, and mitragynine), (2) cannabinoids [THC and its analogues, alkylindole (e.g., JWH-018, JWH-073), cyclohexylphenol (e.g., CP-47,497), and indazole carboxamide (e.g., FUB-AMB, ADB-FUBINACA)], (3) stimulants and hallucinogens [β-keto amphetamines (e.g., methcathinone, methylone), pyrrolidinophenones (e.g., α-PVP, MDPV), and dimethoxyphenethylamine ("2C" and "NBOMe")], (4) dissociative agents (e.g., 3-MeO-PCP, methoxetamine, 2-oxo-PCE), and (5) sedative-hypnotics (e.g., gabapentin, baclofen, clonazolam, etizolam). It is critically important to coordinate hospital, medical examiner, and law enforcement personnel with laboratory services to respond to these emerging threats. |
Mendeley readers
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Unknown | 57 | 100% |
Demographic breakdown
Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Student > Bachelor | 9 | 16% |
Researcher | 6 | 11% |
Student > Ph. D. Student | 5 | 9% |
Other | 4 | 7% |
Student > Master | 4 | 7% |
Other | 10 | 18% |
Unknown | 19 | 33% |
Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Medicine and Dentistry | 15 | 26% |
Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutical Science | 5 | 9% |
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 2 | 4% |
Social Sciences | 2 | 4% |
Psychology | 2 | 4% |
Other | 9 | 16% |
Unknown | 22 | 39% |