Chapter title |
Ethanol and Cytokines in the Central Nervous System
|
---|---|
Chapter number | 77 |
Book title |
Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology
|
Published in |
Handbook of experimental pharmacology, December 2017
|
DOI | 10.1007/164_2017_77 |
Pubmed ID | |
Book ISBNs |
978-3-31-996522-2, 978-3-31-996523-9
|
Authors |
Roberto, Marisa, Patel, Reesha R., Bajo, Michal, Marisa Roberto, Reesha R. Patel, Michal Bajo |
Abstract |
The innate immune system plays a critical role in the ethanol-induced neuroimmune response in the brain. Ethanol initiates the innate immune response via activation of the innate immune receptors Toll-like receptors (TLRs, e.g., TLR4, TLR3, TLR7) and NOD-like receptors (inflammasome NLRs) leading to a release of a plethora of chemokines and cytokines and development of the innate immune response. Cytokines and chemokines can have pro- or anti-inflammatory properties through which they regulate the immune response. In this chapter, we will focus on key cytokines (e.g., IL-1, IL-6, TNF-α) and chemokines (e.g., MCP-1/CCL2) that mediate the ethanol-induced neuroimmune responses. In this regard, we will use IL-1β, as an example cytokine, to discuss the neuromodulatory properties of cytokines on cellular properties and synaptic transmission. We will discuss their involvement through a set of evidence: (1) changes in gene and protein expression following ethanol exposure, (2) association of gene polymorphisms (humans) and alterations in gene expression (animal models) with increased alcohol intake, and (3) modulation of alcohol-related behaviors by transgenic or pharmacological manipulations of chemokine and cytokine systems. Over the last years, our understanding of the molecular mechanisms mediating cytokine- and chemokine-dependent regulation of immune responses has advanced tremendously, and we review evidence pointing to cytokines and chemokines serving as neuromodulators and regulators of neurotransmission. |
X Demographics
As of 1 July 2024, you may notice a temporary increase in the numbers of X profiles with Unknown location. Click here to learn more.
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Unknown | 1 | 100% |
Demographic breakdown
Type | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Members of the public | 1 | 100% |
Mendeley readers
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Unknown | 39 | 100% |
Demographic breakdown
Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Researcher | 5 | 13% |
Student > Doctoral Student | 5 | 13% |
Student > Ph. D. Student | 4 | 10% |
Student > Bachelor | 2 | 5% |
Student > Master | 2 | 5% |
Other | 5 | 13% |
Unknown | 16 | 41% |
Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Neuroscience | 9 | 23% |
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 3 | 8% |
Medicine and Dentistry | 2 | 5% |
Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutical Science | 1 | 3% |
Nursing and Health Professions | 1 | 3% |
Other | 4 | 10% |
Unknown | 19 | 49% |