Chapter title |
Underwater Sound Propagation Modeling Methods for Predicting Marine Animal Exposure.
|
---|---|
Chapter number | 45 |
Book title |
The Effects of Noise on Aquatic Life II
|
Published in |
Advances in experimental medicine and biology, January 2016
|
DOI | 10.1007/978-1-4939-2981-8_45 |
Pubmed ID | |
Book ISBNs |
978-1-4939-2980-1, 978-1-4939-2981-8
|
Authors |
Craig A. Hamm, Diana F. McCammon, Martin L. Taillefer, Hamm, Craig A., McCammon, Diana F., Taillefer, Martin L. |
Editors |
Arthur N. Popper, Anthony Hawkins |
Abstract |
The offshore exploration and production (E&P) industry requires comprehensive and accurate ocean acoustic models for determining the exposure of marine life to the high levels of sound used in seismic surveys and other E&P activities. This paper reviews the types of acoustic models most useful for predicting the propagation of undersea noise sources and describes current exposure models. The severe problems caused by model sensitivity to the uncertainty in the environment are highlighted to support the conclusion that it is vital that risk assessments include transmission loss estimates with statistical measures of confidence. |
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