Ayache Bouakaz, Aya Zeghimi, Alexander A. Doinikov, Bouakaz, Ayache, Zeghimi, Aya, Doinikov, Alexander A.
Editors
Jean-Michel Escoffre, Ayache Bouakaz
Abstract
Contrast agents for ultrasound are now routinely used for diagnosis and imaging. In recent years, new promising possibilities for targeted drug delivery have been proposed that can be realized by using the microbubble composing ultrasound contrast agents (UCAs). The microbubbles can carry drugs and selectively adhere to specific sites in the human body. This capability, in combination with the effect known as sonoporation, provides great possibilities for localized drug delivery. Sonoporation is a process in which ultrasonically activated UCAs, pulsating nearby biological barriers (cell membrane or endothelial layer), increase their permeability and thereby enhance the extravasation of external substances. In this way drugs and genes can be delivered inside individual cells without serious consequences for the cell viability. Sonoporation has been validated both in-vitro using cell cultures and in-vivo in preclinical studies. However, today, the mechanisms by which molecules cross the biological barriers remain unrevealed despite a number of proposed theories. This chapter will provide a survey of the current studies on various hypotheses regarding the routes by which drugs are incorporated into cells or across the endothelial layer and possible associated microbubble acoustic phenomena.
Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutical Science
3
4%
Other
10
15%
Unknown
26
39%
Attention Score in Context
Attention Score in Context
This research output has an Altmetric Attention Score of 6. This is our high-level measure of the quality and quantity of online attention that it has received. This Attention Score, as well as the ranking and number of research outputs shown below, was calculated when the research output was last mentioned on 27 June 2023.
All research outputs
#5,054,522
of 23,989,432 outputs
Outputs from Advances in experimental medicine and biology
#849
of 5,102 outputs
Outputs of similar age
#84,154
of 400,859 outputs
Outputs of similar age from Advances in experimental medicine and biology
#78
of 448 outputs
Altmetric has tracked 23,989,432 research outputs across all sources so far. Compared to these this one has done well and is in the 75th percentile: it's in the top 25% of all research outputs ever tracked by Altmetric.
So far Altmetric has tracked 5,102 research outputs from this source. They typically receive a little more attention than average, with a mean Attention Score of 6.5. This one has done well, scoring higher than 82% of its peers.
Older research outputs will score higher simply because they've had more time to accumulate mentions. To account for age we can compare this Altmetric Attention Score to the 400,859 tracked outputs that were published within six weeks on either side of this one in any source. This one has done well, scoring higher than 78% of its contemporaries.
We're also able to compare this research output to 448 others from the same source and published within six weeks on either side of this one. This one has done well, scoring higher than 82% of its contemporaries.
