Chapter title |
mRNA Cancer Vaccines
|
---|---|
Chapter number | 5 |
Book title |
Current Strategies in Cancer Gene Therapy
|
Published in |
Recent results in cancer research Fortschritte der Krebsforschung Progrès dans les recherches sur le cancer, January 2016
|
DOI | 10.1007/978-3-319-42934-2_5 |
Pubmed ID | |
Book ISBNs |
978-3-31-942932-8, 978-3-31-942934-2
|
Authors |
Katja Fiedler, Sandra Lazzaro, Johannes Lutz, Susanne Rauch, Regina Heidenreich, Fiedler, Katja, Lazzaro, Sandra, Lutz, Johannes, Rauch, Susanne, Heidenreich, Regina |
Abstract |
mRNA cancer vaccines are a relatively new class of vaccines, which combine the potential of mRNA to encode for almost any protein with an excellent safety profile and a flexible production process. The most straightforward use of mRNA vaccines in oncologic settings is the immunization of patients with mRNA vaccines encoding tumor-associated antigens (TAAs). This is exemplified by the RNActive(®) technology, which induces balanced humoral and cellular immune responses in animal models and is currently evaluated in several clinical trials for oncologic indications. A second application of mRNA vaccines is the production of personalized vaccines. This is possible because mRNA vaccines are produced by a generic process, which can be used to quickly produce mRNA vaccines targeting patient-specific neoantigens that are identified by analyzing the tumor exome. Apart from being used directly to vaccinate patients, mRNAs can also be used in cellular therapies to transfect patient-derived cells in vitro and infuse the manipulated cells back into the patient. One such application is the transfection of patient-derived dendritic cells (DCs) with mRNAs encoding TAAs, which leads to the presentation of TAA-derived peptides on the DCs and an activation of antigen-specific T cells in vivo. A second application is the transfection of patient-derived T cells with mRNAs encoding chimeric antigen receptors, which allows the T cells to directly recognize a specific antigen expressed on the tumor. In this chapter, we will review preclinical and clinical data for the different approaches. |
X Demographics
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
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United States | 63 | 20% |
United Kingdom | 18 | 6% |
Canada | 13 | 4% |
Netherlands | 6 | 2% |
Germany | 5 | 2% |
Australia | 4 | 1% |
Poland | 4 | 1% |
Denmark | 3 | <1% |
Ireland | 2 | <1% |
Other | 19 | 6% |
Unknown | 179 | 57% |
Demographic breakdown
Type | Count | As % |
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Members of the public | 289 | 91% |
Scientists | 17 | 5% |
Practitioners (doctors, other healthcare professionals) | 6 | 2% |
Science communicators (journalists, bloggers, editors) | 4 | 1% |
Mendeley readers
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Unknown | 137 | 100% |
Demographic breakdown
Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Student > Bachelor | 22 | 16% |
Student > Ph. D. Student | 18 | 13% |
Student > Master | 15 | 11% |
Researcher | 11 | 8% |
Student > Doctoral Student | 6 | 4% |
Other | 13 | 9% |
Unknown | 52 | 38% |
Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 29 | 21% |
Medicine and Dentistry | 14 | 10% |
Immunology and Microbiology | 8 | 6% |
Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 7 | 5% |
Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutical Science | 4 | 3% |
Other | 20 | 15% |
Unknown | 55 | 40% |