Chapter 1 Introduction

Chapter 2 The Meanings of Words and Confucian Political Philosophy: A Study of M atsunaga Sekigo’s Ethics

Chapter 3 Spirits, Gods, and Heaven in Confucian Thought

Chapter 4 Making Destiny in the Kingdom of Ryukyu

Chapter 5 The Somaticization of Learning in Edo Confucianism: The Rejection of Body-Mind Dualism in the Thought of K aibara Ekken

Chapter 6 O gyū Sorai: Confucian Conservative Reformer: From Journey to Kai to Discourse on Government

Chapter 7 The Philosophical Moment Between Ogyū Sorai and Kaiho Seiryō: Indigenous Modernity in the Political Theories of Eighteenth-Century Japan?

Chapter 8 Human Nature and the Way in the Philosophy of D azai Shundai

Chapter 9 Kokugaku Critiques of Confucianism and Chinese Culture

Chapter 10 Saints as Sinners: A ndō Shōeki’s Back-to-Nature Critiques of the Saints, Confucian and Otherwise

Chapter 11 Moral and Philosophical Idealism in Late-Edo Confucian Thought: Ō shio Chūsai and the Working Out of His “Great Aspiration”

Chapter 12 Divination and Meiji Politics: A Reading of T akashima Kaemon’s Judgments on the Book of Changes ( Takashima Ekidan )

Chapter 13 “Orthodoxy” and “Legitimacy” in the Y amazaki Ansai School

Chapter 14 Z hu Xi and “Z hu Xi-ism”: Toward a Critical Perspective on the Ansai School