Challenges to Marine Ecosystems

Chapter 1 Mixed stock analysis and the power of different classes of molecular markers in discriminating coastal and oceanic Atlantic cod ( Gadus morhua L.) on the Lofoten spawning grounds, Northern Norway

Chapter 2 Contrasting levels of genetic differentiation among putative neutral microsatellite loci in Atlantic herring Clupea harengus populations and the implications for assessing stock structure

Chapter 3 Marine reserves: the need for systems

Chapter 4 The challenge of assessing whether the OSPAR network of marine protected areas is ecologically coherent

Chapter 5 Individual-based movement behaviour in a simple marine reserve—Fishery system: why predictive models should be handled with care

Chapter 6 Effect of marine reserve protection on spiny lobster ( Palinurus elephas Fabr., 1787) in a central western Mediterranean area

Chapter 7 Incorporating ecological functioning into the designation and management of marine protected areas

Chapter 8 Go with the flow: tidal import and export of larvae from semi-enclosed bays

Chapter 9 Seabed mapping in the southern Irish Sea: predicting benthic biological communities based on sediment characteristics

Chapter 10 Alien species in the Mediterranean Sea—which, when, where, why?

Chapter 11 The effect of high flow events on mussels ( Mytilus edulis ) in the Conwy estuary, North Wales, UK

Chapter 12 Mobility of metals in salt marsh sediments colonised by Spartina maritima (Tagus estuary, Portugal)

Chapter 13 Ecological hindcasting of biogeographic responses to climate change in the European intertidal zone

Chapter 14 Long-term changes in the status of Sevastopol Bay and the Crimean coast: anthropogenic and climatic influences

Chapter 15 The sea ahead: challenges to marine biology from seafood sustainability

Chapter 16 Effects of fishing methods on deep water shark species caught as by-catch off southern Portugal

Chapter 17 Catch me in winter! Seasonal variation in air temperature severely enhances physiological stress and mortality of species subjected to sorting operations and discarded during annual fishing activities

Chapter 18 Grazing and assimilation rate estimates of hydromedusae from a temperate tidal creek system