Long-Term Studies in Ecology

Chapter 1 Importance and Justification of Long-Term Studies in Ecology

Chapter 2 Objective and Experiment in Long-Term Research

Chapter 3 Retrospective Studies

Chapter 4 The Role of Ecological Models in Long-Term Ecological Studies

Chapter 5 Space-for-Time Substitution as an Alternative to Long-Term Studies

Chapter 6 Ecological Experimentation: Strengths and Conceptual Problems

Chapter 8 What Questions, Systems, or Phenomena Warrant Long-Term Ecological Study?

Chapter 9 How Can the Various Approaches to Studying Long-Term Ecological Phenomena Be Integrated to Maximize Understanding?

Chapter 10 What Are the Difficulties in Establishing and Interpreting the Results from a Long-Term Manipulation?

Chapter 11 How Far in Space and Time Can the Results from a Single Long-Term Study be Extrapolated?

Chapter 12 Are Currently Available Statistical Methods Adequate for Long-Term Studies?

Chapter 13 How Can We Improve the Reception of Long-Term Studies in Ecology?

Chapter 14 What Are the Tradeoffs Between the Immediacy of Management Needs and the Longer Process of Scientific Discovery?

Chapter 15 Concluding Remarks