Chapter title |
Table of Phenylalanine Content of Foods: Comparative Analysis of Data Compiled in Food Composition Tables
|
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Chapter number | 12 |
Book title |
JIMD Reports, Volume 34
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Published in |
JIMD Reports, January 2016
|
DOI | 10.1007/8904_2016_12 |
Pubmed ID | |
Book ISBNs |
978-3-66-255585-9, 978-3-66-255586-6
|
Authors |
Ana Claudia Marquim F. Araújo, Wilma M. C. Araújo, Ursula M. Lanfer Marquez, Rita Akutsu, Eduardo Y. Nakano, Araújo, Ana Claudia Marquim F., Araújo, Wilma M. C., Marquez, Ursula M. Lanfer, Akutsu, Rita, Nakano, Eduardo Y. |
Abstract |
Knowing the phenylalanine (Phe) content of foods is essential for managing the diet of patients with phenylketonuria. Data on the Phe content of foods are scarce and sometimes vary between different Food Composition Tables (FCT). Brazil created its own table of the Phe contents of fruits and vegetables based exclusively on the chemical analysis of protein content, considering that proteins contain 3-4% Phe (TCFA/ANVISA). This study compared the protein and Phe contents of vegetables and fruits provided by the TCFA/ANVISA with those listed in international food composition tables. The Phe content of 71 fruits and vegetables listed in TCFA/ANVISA was classified into four subgroups, and the Wilcoxon nonparametric test compared the Phe and mean protein contents provided by the FCTs. All tests considered the bilateral hypothesis, and the level of significance was set at 5%. The Spearman's correlation coefficient measured the statistical dependence between Phe and protein contents. The mean Phe content was <50 mg Phe/100 g for 15 fruits; >50 mg/100 g for 11 type-A vegetables; <50 mg/100 g for 8 type-B vegetables; ≤50 mg/100 g for 7 type-C vegetables. The percentage of Phe in protein varied from 3.13 ± 1.03% to 3.74 ± 2.55% in fruits; 3.33 ± 1.41 to 4.82 ± 1.17 in type-A vegetables; 3.46 ± 1.25% to 4.83 ± 2.46 in type-B vegetables; and 3.14% ± 1.49 to 4.62% ± 2.26 in type-C vegetables. The Phe and protein contents provided by most FCTs were positively correlated, suggesting that it is possible to estimate the Phe content of fruits by multiplying its protein content by 3%. For type-A, -B, and -C vegetables, 4% may be used. |
X Demographics
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
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United Kingdom | 2 | 40% |
India | 1 | 20% |
United States | 1 | 20% |
Brazil | 1 | 20% |
Demographic breakdown
Type | Count | As % |
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Members of the public | 4 | 80% |
Scientists | 1 | 20% |
Mendeley readers
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Unknown | 39 | 100% |
Demographic breakdown
Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Student > Master | 6 | 15% |
Researcher | 4 | 10% |
Student > Bachelor | 3 | 8% |
Other | 3 | 8% |
Student > Ph. D. Student | 2 | 5% |
Other | 5 | 13% |
Unknown | 16 | 41% |
Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Medicine and Dentistry | 8 | 21% |
Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 5 | 13% |
Engineering | 2 | 5% |
Business, Management and Accounting | 1 | 3% |
Nursing and Health Professions | 1 | 3% |
Other | 5 | 13% |
Unknown | 17 | 44% |