Subvolume A

Table of Contents

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   Book Overview
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   Chapter 1 1.0 List of abbreviations
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   Chapter 2 1.1 Topography
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   Chapter 3 1.2 Hypsography
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   Chapter 4 1.3 Bathymetry
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   Chapter 5 1.4.1 Classification of the ocean floor features
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   Chapter 6 1.4.2 Major topographic features of the continental margin complex
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   Chapter 7 1.4.2.2 Classification of continental margins
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   Chapter 8 1.4.2.3 The shelf
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    Chapter 9 1.4.2.4 The continental slope and rise
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    Chapter 10 1.4.2.5 Canyons, abyssal cones, and fans
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    Chapter 11 1.4.2.6 Trenches
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    Chapter 12 1.4.2.7 Island arcs and trench systems
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    Chapter 13 1.4.3 The ocean-basin floor complex
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    Chapter 14 1.4.3.2 Abyssal hills
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    Chapter 15 1.4.3.3 Submarine plateaus
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    Chapter 16 1.4.3.4 Seamounts
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    Chapter 17 1.4.4 Major topographic features of Mid-Oceanic Ridge complex
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    Chapter 18 1.4.5 Small scale topography of the ocean floor
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    Chapter 19 1.5 Sedimentation of the ocean bottom
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    Chapter 20 1.6 Global geological structure and topography
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    Chapter 21 1.7 Chronology of sea floor topography
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    Chapter 22 1.8 References for 1
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    Chapter 23 2.1 The nature of oceanographic measurements
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    Chapter 24 2.2 Platforms
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    Chapter 25 2.3 Measuring techniques for oceanic motions
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    Chapter 26 2.3.1 Current sensors and current meters for Eulerian measurements
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    Chapter 27 2.3.1.1.1 Rotating elements and current vanes
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    Chapter 28 2.3.1.1.2 Drag force sensors
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    Chapter 29 2.3.1.1.4 Heat transport sensors
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    Chapter 30 2.3.1.2.1 Electromagnetic induction by the Earth magnetic field
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    Chapter 31 2.3.1.2.2 Electromagnetic current sensors
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    Chapter 32 2.3.1.2.3 Acoustic Doppler effect
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    Chapter 33 2.3.1.2.4 Optical Doppler effect
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    Chapter 34 2.3.1.2.5 Travel time current meters
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    Chapter 35 2.4 Elevation of the sea surface
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    Chapter 36 2.5.1 Temperature
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    Chapter 37 2.5.2 Conductivity
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    Chapter 38 2.5.3 Pressure
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    Chapter 39 2.5.4 STD/CTD-instrumentation
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    Chapter 40 2.6.1 Observations at grid points
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    Chapter 41 2.6.2 Lagrangian observations
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    Chapter 42 2.7 References for 2
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    Chapter 43 3.1.0 List of symbols and abbreviations
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    Chapter 44 3.1.1 Thermodynamic variables
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    Chapter 45 3.1.2 Salinity
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    Chapter 46 3.1.3 Density
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    Chapter 47 3.1.4 Compressibility
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    Chapter 48 3.1.5 Thermal expansion, density maximum
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    Chapter 49 3.1.6 Specific heat
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    Chapter 50 3.1.7 Adiabatic lapse rate, potential temperature
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    Chapter 51 3.1.8 Vapour pressure, boiling point, freezing point
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    Chapter 52 3.1.10 Thermal conductivity
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    Chapter 53 3.1.11 Diffusion
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    Chapter 54 3.1.12 Viscosity
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    Chapter 55 3.1.14 Osmotic pressure
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    Chapter 56 3.1.15 Brunt-Väisälä frequency
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    Chapter 57 3.1.16 References for 3.1
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    Chapter 58 3.2.0 List of symbols and abbreviations
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    Chapter 59 3.2.1 Introduction
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    Chapter 60 3.2.2 Models of sound propagation
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    Chapter 61 3.2.3 Applications
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    Chapter 62 3.2.4 Sound transducer characteristics
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    Chapter 63 3.2.5.1 Definition, data base
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    Chapter 64 3.2.5.2 Specifications of the parameters determining sound speed
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    Chapter 65 3.2.5.3 Tables of sound speed
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    Chapter 66 3.2.5.4 Approximation formulae of sound speed
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    Chapter 67 3.2.5.5 Deep-sea sound speed profiles
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    Chapter 68 3.2.5.6 Shallow-water sound speed profiles
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    Chapter 69 3.2.6.2 Deep-ocean transmission loss
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    Chapter 70 3.2.6.2.1 Measuring methods
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    Chapter 71 3.2.6.2.3 Viscous absorption/pure-water absorption
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    Chapter 72 3.2.6.2.4 Absorption by MgSO4
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    Chapter 73 3.2.6.2.5 Absorption by B(OH)3
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    Chapter 74 3.2.6.2.6 Absorption by further relaxation processes
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    Chapter 75 3.2.6.2.7 Propagation loss due to scattering
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    Chapter 76 3.2.6.2.8 Propagation loss due to diffraction
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    Chapter 77 3.2.6.2.10 Complete approximation formula for sound attenuation in sea water
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    Chapter 78 3.2.6.2.11 Simplified approximation formulae for the deep water channel attenuation
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    Chapter 79 3.2.6.3-4 Shallow-water transmission loss, Fluctuation of transmitted sound
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    Chapter 80 3.2.7 Ambient noise
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    Chapter 81 3.2.8.1 Definitions
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    Chapter 82 3.2.8.2 Scattering by the sea volume
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    Chapter 83 3.2.8.3 Scattering by the sea surface
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    Chapter 84 3.2.8.4 Reflection and scattering by the sea bottom
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    Chapter 85 3.2.9 References for 3.2
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    Chapter 86 3.3.1.1 Definitions and nomenclature
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    Chapter 87 3.3.1.2 Quantities related to radiance and irradiance
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    Chapter 88 3.3.1.3 Inherent properties
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    Chapter 89 3.3.1.4 Equations of radiative transfer
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    Chapter 90 Subvolume A
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    Chapter 91 3.3.2.2 Optical properties of natural sea waters
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    Chapter 92 3.3.3.1 General principles of classification
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    Chapter 93 3.3.3.2 The original optical classification
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    Chapter 94 3.3.3.3 Classification of sea water in terms of quanta irradiance
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    Chapter 95 3.3.3.4 Classification of sea water in terms of the color of the sea
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    Chapter 96 3.3.3.5 Classification of sea water in terms of the downward irradiance in a narrow or broad wavelength band
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    Chapter 97 3.3.3.6 Classification of sea water in terms of light attenuation and light scattering coefficients
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    Chapter 98 3.3.3.7 Classification of sea water in terms of light absorption properties of suspended and dissolved matter
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     Chapter 99 3.3.4.1 Irradiance on the sea surface
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     Chapter 100 3.3.4.2 Reflection and albedo at the sea surface
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     Chapter 101 3.3.4.3 Irradiance in the sea
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     Chapter 102 3.3.4.4 Radiance in the sea
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     Chapter 103 3.3.5 Visibility in the sea
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     Chapter 104 3.3.6 Passive remote sensing
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     Chapter 105 3.3.7 References for 3.3
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     Chapter 106 3.4.2 Chlorinity, chlorosity, salinity
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     Chapter 107 3.4.3 Chemical composition of sea water
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     Chapter 108 3.4.4 Residence times of elements in the oceans
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     Chapter 109 3.4.5 Solubility of gases in sea water
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     Chapter 110 3.4.7 References for 3.4