Chapter title |
The miR-302-Mediated Induction of Pluripotent Stem Cells (iPSC): Multiple Synergistic Reprogramming Mechanisms
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Chapter number | 23 |
Book title |
MicroRNA Protocols
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Published in |
Methods in molecular biology, January 2018
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DOI | 10.1007/978-1-4939-7601-0_23 |
Pubmed ID | |
Book ISBNs |
978-1-4939-7600-3, 978-1-4939-7601-0
|
Authors |
Shao-Yao Ying, William Fang, Shi-Lung Lin, Ying, Shao-Yao, Fang, William, Lin, Shi-Lung |
Abstract |
Pluripotency represents a unique feature of embryonic stem cells (ESCs). To generate ESC-like-induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) derived from somatic cells, the cell genome needs to be reset and reprogrammed to express the ESC-specific transcriptome. Numerous studies have shown that genomic DNA demethylation is required for epigenetic reprogramming of somatic cell nuclei to form iPSCs; yet, the mechanism remains largely unclear. In ESCs, the reprogramming process goes through two critical stages: germline and zygotic demethylation, both of which erase genomic DNA methylation sites and hence allow for different gene expression patterns to be reset into a pluripotent state. Recently, miR-302, an ESC-specific microRNA (miRNA), was found to play an essential role in four aspects of this reprogramming mechanism-(1) initiating global genomic DNA demethylation, (2) activating ESC-specific gene expression, (3) inhibiting developmental signaling, and (4) preventing stem cell tumorigenicity. In this review, we will summarize miR-302 functions in all four reprogramming aspects and further discuss how these findings may improve the efficiency and safety of the current iPSC technology. |
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