Chapter title |
Receptors and Binding Structures for Clostridium difficile Toxins A and B
|
---|---|
Chapter number | 17 |
Book title |
Uptake and Trafficking of Protein Toxins
|
Published in |
Current topics in microbiology and immunology, July 2016
|
DOI | 10.1007/82_2016_17 |
Pubmed ID | |
Book ISBNs |
978-3-31-958891-9, 978-3-31-958893-3
|
Authors |
Gerhard, Ralf, Ralf Gerhard |
Abstract |
Two characteristics of toxins A and B from C. difficile (TcdA, TcdB) are important for the understanding of the pathogenic effect of these homologous toxins. First, these toxins are huge single-chain but multidomain proteins that display their action intracellularly within the cytosol of host cells. And second, albeit various cell types highly differ in their sensitivity toward these toxins, no toxin-resistant cell type has been described yet. Investigation of receptor-mediated uptake of these toxins is very ambitious. It demands discrimination between cell surface binding, interaction with more than one functional receptor responsible for uptake as well as other functional receptors that recognize bacterial pathogens and are not necessarily related with endocytosis. The current understanding of a complex uptake process is that TcdB interacts with at least two facultative receptors that mediate entry into host cells by redundant endocytotic pathways. Although both homologous toxins do obviously not share the same receptors, this principle of redundant binding domains found for TcdB does also account for TcdA. |
X Demographics
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
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Mexico | 1 | 50% |
Unknown | 1 | 50% |
Demographic breakdown
Type | Count | As % |
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Members of the public | 1 | 50% |
Practitioners (doctors, other healthcare professionals) | 1 | 50% |
Mendeley readers
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
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Unknown | 30 | 100% |
Demographic breakdown
Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
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Student > Master | 6 | 20% |
Student > Ph. D. Student | 5 | 17% |
Student > Bachelor | 2 | 7% |
Student > Postgraduate | 2 | 7% |
Professor > Associate Professor | 2 | 7% |
Other | 6 | 20% |
Unknown | 7 | 23% |
Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
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Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 8 | 27% |
Immunology and Microbiology | 5 | 17% |
Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutical Science | 3 | 10% |
Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 3 | 10% |
Veterinary Science and Veterinary Medicine | 1 | 3% |
Other | 3 | 10% |
Unknown | 7 | 23% |