Chapter title |
Antigenic Variation and Immune Escape in the MTBC
|
---|---|
Chapter number | 9 |
Book title |
Strain Variation in the Mycobacterium tuberculosis Complex: Its Role in Biology, Epidemiology and Control
|
Published in |
Advances in experimental medicine and biology, January 2017
|
DOI | 10.1007/978-3-319-64371-7_9 |
Pubmed ID | |
Book ISBNs |
978-3-31-964369-4, 978-3-31-964371-7
|
Authors |
Joel D. Ernst, Ernst, Joel D. |
Abstract |
Microbes that infect other organisms encounter host immune responses, and must overcome or evade innate and adaptive immune responses to successfully establish infection. Highly successful microbial pathogens, including M. tuberculosis, are able to evade adaptive immune responses (mediated by antibodies and/or T lymphocytes) and thereby establish long-term chronic infection. One mechanism that diverse pathogens use to evade adaptive immunity is antigenic variation, in which structural variants emerge that alter recognition by established immune responses and allow those pathogens to persist and/or to infect previously-immune hosts. Despite the wide use of antigenic variation by diverse pathogens, this mechanism appears to be infrequent in M. tuberculosis, as indicated by findings that known and predicted human T cell epitopes in this organism are highly conserved, although there are exceptions. These findings have implications for diagnostic tests that are based on measuring host immune responses, and for vaccine design and development. |
X Demographics
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United Kingdom | 1 | 100% |
Demographic breakdown
Type | Count | As % |
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Members of the public | 1 | 100% |
Mendeley readers
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
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Unknown | 58 | 100% |
Demographic breakdown
Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
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Student > Bachelor | 10 | 17% |
Student > Master | 7 | 12% |
Student > Ph. D. Student | 7 | 12% |
Researcher | 5 | 9% |
Other | 4 | 7% |
Other | 7 | 12% |
Unknown | 18 | 31% |
Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
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Immunology and Microbiology | 11 | 19% |
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 11 | 19% |
Medicine and Dentistry | 6 | 10% |
Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 6 | 10% |
Veterinary Science and Veterinary Medicine | 2 | 3% |
Other | 4 | 7% |
Unknown | 18 | 31% |