Chapter title |
The use of integrated and intelligent testing strategies in the prediction of toxic hazard and in risk assessment.
|
---|---|
Chapter number | 13 |
Book title |
New Technologies for Toxicity Testing
|
Published in |
Advances in experimental medicine and biology, March 2012
|
DOI | 10.1007/978-1-4614-3055-1_13 |
Pubmed ID | |
Book ISBNs |
978-1-4614-3054-4, 978-1-4614-3055-1
|
Authors |
Balls M, Combes RD, Bhogal N, Michael Balls, Robert D. Combes, Nirmala Bhogal |
Abstract |
There is increasing concern that insurmountable differences between humans and laboratory animals limit the relevance and reliability for hazard identification and risk assessment purposes of animal data produced by traditional toxicity test procedures. A way forward is offered by the emerging new technologies, which can be directly applied to human material or even to human beings themselves. This promises to revolutionise the evaluation of the safety of chemicals and chemical products of various kinds and, in particular, pharmaceuticals. The available and developing technologies are summarised and it is emphasised that they will need to be used selectively, in integrated and intelligent testing strategies, which, in addition to being scientifically sound, must be manageable and affordable. Examples are given of proposed testing strategies for general chemicals, cosmetic ingredients, candidate pharmaceuticals, inhaled substances, nanoparticles and neurotoxicity. |
X Demographics
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
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Unknown | 1 | 100% |
Demographic breakdown
Type | Count | As % |
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Members of the public | 1 | 100% |
Mendeley readers
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Bulgaria | 1 | 4% |
Unknown | 23 | 96% |
Demographic breakdown
Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Student > Ph. D. Student | 6 | 25% |
Student > Bachelor | 4 | 17% |
Researcher | 3 | 13% |
Other | 2 | 8% |
Student > Doctoral Student | 2 | 8% |
Other | 3 | 13% |
Unknown | 4 | 17% |
Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutical Science | 8 | 33% |
Medicine and Dentistry | 5 | 21% |
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 2 | 8% |
Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 1 | 4% |
Environmental Science | 1 | 4% |
Other | 2 | 8% |
Unknown | 5 | 21% |