Chapter title |
Glutamine Synthetase: Role in Neurological Disorders
|
---|---|
Chapter number | 13 |
Book title |
The Glutamate/GABA-Glutamine Cycle
|
Published in |
Advances in neurobiology, January 2016
|
DOI | 10.1007/978-3-319-45096-4_13 |
Pubmed ID | |
Book ISBNs |
978-3-31-945094-0, 978-3-31-945096-4
|
Authors |
Arumugam R. Jayakumar, Michael D. Norenberg, Jayakumar, Arumugam R., Norenberg, Michael D. |
Abstract |
Glutamine synthetase (GS) is an ATP-dependent enzyme found in most species that synthesizes glutamine from glutamate and ammonia. In brain, GS is exclusively located in astrocytes where it serves to maintain the glutamate-glutamine cycle, as well as nitrogen metabolism. Changes in the activity of GS, as well as its gene expression, along with excitotoxicity, have been identified in a number of neurological conditions. The literature describing alterations in the activation and gene expression of GS, as well as its involvement in different neurological disorders, however, is incomplete. This review summarizes changes in GS gene expression/activity and its potential contribution to the pathogenesis of several neurological disorders, including hepatic encephalopathy, ischemia, epilepsy, Alzheimer's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, traumatic brain injury, Parkinson's disease, and astroglial neoplasms. This review also explores the possibility of targeting GS in the therapy of these conditions. |
Mendeley readers
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Unknown | 62 | 100% |
Demographic breakdown
Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Student > Bachelor | 16 | 26% |
Student > Ph. D. Student | 6 | 10% |
Student > Master | 5 | 8% |
Student > Doctoral Student | 4 | 6% |
Professor | 4 | 6% |
Other | 12 | 19% |
Unknown | 15 | 24% |
Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Neuroscience | 14 | 23% |
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 14 | 23% |
Medicine and Dentistry | 6 | 10% |
Chemistry | 3 | 5% |
Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 2 | 3% |
Other | 7 | 11% |
Unknown | 16 | 26% |