Chapter title |
The role of vitamin D for cardiovascular disease and overall mortality.
|
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Chapter number | 6 |
Book title |
Sunlight, Vitamin D and Skin Cancer
|
Published in |
Advances in experimental medicine and biology, September 2014
|
DOI | 10.1007/978-1-4939-0437-2_6 |
Pubmed ID | |
Book ISBNs |
978-1-4939-0436-5, 978-1-4939-0437-2
|
Authors |
Zittermann A, Prokop S, Armin Zittermann, Sylvana Prokop, Zittermann, Armin, Prokop, Sylvana |
Abstract |
In recent years, it became increasingly clear that vitamin D exerts important pleiotropic effects, besides its well-known effects on extracellular calcium homeostasis and on bone metabolism. This article gives a comprehensive overview of studies on cardiovascular and all-cause mortality with a focus on the most recent data. 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) is the best indicator of vitamin D status. Low 25(OH)D levels are highly prevalent among general populations. Prospective cohort studies support the assumption that poor vitamin D status, e.g., 25(OH) D levels below 30 nmol/l, is independently associated with CVD mortality risk. However, support from randomized controlled trials for a beneficial vitamin D effect on CVD risk is still lacking. Meta-analyses of prospective cohort studies indicate beneficial vitamin D effects on overall mortality as well. There is also likely evidence from meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials that vitamin D may improve overall mortality in elderly people. Therefore, it is reasonable to supplement institutionalized individuals and other people with deficient 25(OH)D levels with daily vitamin D amounts of 20 microg. However, it is also noteworthy that prospective cohort studies provide evidence for an inverse J-shaped association between vitamin D status and overall mortality, indicating increased overall mortality risk not only at deficient 25(OH)D levels but also at 25(OH)D levels above 125 nmol/l. Although there is evidence that high 25(OH)D levels sometimes reflect low availability of the vitamin D hormone 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D, future studies are still needed to clarify the association of high 25(OH)D levels with high mortality rates more detailed. |
Mendeley readers
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Unknown | 41 | 100% |
Demographic breakdown
Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Student > Master | 9 | 22% |
Student > Bachelor | 5 | 12% |
Researcher | 4 | 10% |
Student > Ph. D. Student | 4 | 10% |
Lecturer | 3 | 7% |
Other | 9 | 22% |
Unknown | 7 | 17% |
Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Medicine and Dentistry | 21 | 51% |
Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 5 | 12% |
Veterinary Science and Veterinary Medicine | 1 | 2% |
Nursing and Health Professions | 1 | 2% |
Philosophy | 1 | 2% |
Other | 2 | 5% |
Unknown | 10 | 24% |