Chapter 1 Introduction

Chapter 3 Contention of a Hundred Schools of Thought: The Convergence of the Multiple Perspectives and Purpose of the Pre-Qin Philosophers

Chapter 4 The Discourse on the Natural and Human Spheres of Being: The Reorganization of Concepts and the Systematization of Political Thought in the Two Han Dynasties

Chapter 5 The Substance of Personality: Humanity’s Awakening and the Sculpting of the Ideal Personality in Politics

Chapter 6 Role Paradigms: The Value of Putting People First and Reflection on the Roles of Ruler and Minister

Chapter 7 The Ethical Constitution: Confucian Rationalism’s Consistent Linking of Constitution and Personality in the Two Song Dynasties

Chapter 8 Utilitarian Confucianism: The Appeal of “Kingliness Without” from the Perspective of the Barbarians (Yi), and the Chinese (Xia)

Chapter 9 People-Oriented Perspective and Yi Xia: Political Anxiety and Political Concepts in the Ming Dynasty

Chapter 10 Criticism and Statecraft: Extreme Heights, and the Wane of Traditional Political Philosophy in the Early and Middle Qing Dynasty