Chapter title |
Cadmium Bioavailability, Uptake, Toxicity and Detoxification in Soil-Plant System
|
---|---|
Chapter number | 8 |
Book title |
Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology Volume 241
|
Published in |
Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, June 2016
|
DOI | 10.1007/398_2016_8 |
Pubmed ID | |
Book ISBNs |
978-3-31-946944-7, 978-3-31-946945-4
|
Authors |
Shahid, Muhammad, Dumat, Camille, Khalid, Sana, Niazi, Nabeel Khan, Antunes, Paula M C, Muhammad Shahid, Camille Dumat, Sana Khalid, Nabeel Khan Niazi, Paula M. C. Antunes |
Abstract |
This review summarizes the findings of the most recent studies, published from 2000 to 2016, which focus on the biogeochemical behavior of Cd in soil-plant systems and its impact on the ecosystem. For animals and people not subjected to a Cd-contaminated environment, consumption of Cd contaminated food (vegetables, cereals, pulses and legumes) is the main source of Cd exposure. As Cd does not have any known biological function, and can further cause serious deleterious effects both in plants and mammalian consumers, cycling of Cd within the soil-plant system is of high global relevance.The main source of Cd in soil is that which originates as emissions from various industrial processes. Within soil, Cd occurs in various chemical forms which differ greatly with respect to their lability and phytoavailability. Cadmium has a high phytoaccumulation index because of its low adsorption coefficient and high soil-plant mobility and thereby may enter the food chain. Plant uptake of Cd is believed to occur mainly via roots by specific and non-specific transporters of essential nutrients, as no Cd-specific transporter has yet been identified. Within plants, Cd causes phytotoxicity by decreasing nutrient uptake, inhibiting photosynthesis, plant growth and respiration, inducing lipid peroxidation and altering the antioxidant system and functioning of membranes. Plants tackle Cd toxicity via different defense strategies such as decreased Cd uptake or sequestration into vacuoles. In addition, various antioxidants combat Cd-induced overproduction of ROS. Other mechanisms involve the induction of phytochelatins, glutathione and salicylic acid. |
X Demographics
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Unknown | 1 | 100% |
Demographic breakdown
Type | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Members of the public | 1 | 100% |
Mendeley readers
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Unknown | 219 | 100% |
Demographic breakdown
Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Student > Ph. D. Student | 33 | 15% |
Student > Master | 32 | 15% |
Researcher | 25 | 11% |
Student > Bachelor | 23 | 11% |
Student > Doctoral Student | 9 | 4% |
Other | 24 | 11% |
Unknown | 73 | 33% |
Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Environmental Science | 36 | 16% |
Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 34 | 16% |
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 14 | 6% |
Chemistry | 11 | 5% |
Engineering | 7 | 3% |
Other | 29 | 13% |
Unknown | 88 | 40% |