Phosphoinositides II: The Diverse Biological Functions

D'Angelo G, Vicinanza M, Wilson C, De Matteis MA, D’Angelo, Giovanni, Vicinanza, Mariella, Wilson, Cathal, De Matteis, Maria Antonietta, Giovanni D’Angelo, Mariella Vicinanza, Cathal Wilson, Maria Antonietta De Matteis

The Golgi complex is a ribbon-like organelle composed of stacks of flat cisternae interconnected by tubular junctions. It occupies a central position in the endomembrane system as proteins and lipids that are synthesized in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) pass through the Golgi complex to undergo biosynthetic modification (mainly glycosylation) and to be sorted to their final destinations. In addition the Golgi complex possesses a number of activities, apparently not directly connected with its main role in trafficking and sorting, which have been recently reviewed in Wilson et al. 2011. In spite of the constant massive flux of material the Golgi complex maintains its identity and phosphoinositides (PIs), among other factors, play a central role in this process. The active metabolism of PIs at the Golgi is necessary for the proper functioning of the organelle both in terms of membrane trafficking/sorting and its manifold metabolic and signalling activities. Phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate (PtdIns4P), in particular, is responsible for the recruitment of numerous cytosolic proteins that recognise and bind PtdIns4P via specific lipid-binding domains. In this chapter we will summarize the findings that have contributed to our current understanding of the role of PIs in the biology of the Golgi complex in terms of the regulation of PI metabolism and the functional roles and regulation of PtdIns4P effectors.