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Encyclopedia of Snow, Ice and Glaciers

Overview of attention for book
Cover of 'Encyclopedia of Snow, Ice and Glaciers'

Table of Contents

  1. Altmetric Badge
    Book Overview
  2. Altmetric Badge
    Chapter 3 Ablatometer
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    Chapter 6 Acidity of Glacier Ice
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    Chapter 7 Active Ice Wedge
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    Chapter 8 Adfreeze
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    Chapter 9 Aerial Photogrammetry for Glacial Monitoring
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    Chapter 13 Alaskan Glaciers
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    Chapter 14 Albedo
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    Chapter 15 Altai-Sayan Glaciers
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    Chapter 16 Alps
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    Chapter 18 Anabatic Winds: In Relation with Snow/Glacier Basin
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    Chapter 19 Anchor Ice
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    Chapter 20 Andean Glaciers
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    Chapter 21 Antarctica
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    Chapter 22 Anti-Icing
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    Chapter 23 Anti-Syngenetic Ice Wedge
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    Chapter 24 GPS in Glaciology, Applications
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    Chapter 25 Appalachian Glacier Complex in Maritime Canada
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    Chapter 28 Artificial Ground Freezing
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    Chapter 29 Artificial Production of Snow
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    Chapter 30 Atmospheric Circulation and Glaciochemical Records
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    Chapter 31 Atmosphere-Snow/Ice Interactions
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    Chapter 33 Automated Glacier Mapping
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    Chapter 36 Base Flow/Groundwater Flow
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    Chapter 38 Bed (Bottom) Topography
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    Chapter 40 Bed Roughness
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    Chapter 41 Bed Strength
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    Chapter 42 Bed Forms (Fluvial)
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    Chapter 43 Benchmark Glacier
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    Chapter 47 Blue Ice
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    Chapter 48 Bottom Melting or Undermelt (Ice Shelf)
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    Chapter 49 Brash Ice
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    Chapter 50 Encyclopedia of Snow, Ice and Glaciers
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    Chapter 51 Canadian Rockies and Coast Mountains of Canada
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    Chapter 52 Cascade Mountains, USA
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    Chapter 53 Cascade System
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    Chapter 54 Catchment Glacier
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    Chapter 56 Caucasus Mountains
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    Chapter 57 Characteristics of Snow and Glacier Fed Rivers in Mountainous Regions with Special Reference to Himalayan Basins
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    Chapter 59 Chemical Composition of Snow, Ice, and Glaciers
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    Chapter 60 Chemical and Microbe Records in Snow and Ice
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    Chapter 62 Cirque Glaciers
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    Chapter 65 Climate Change and Glaciers
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    Chapter 66 Climate Variability and High Altitude Temperature and Precipitation
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    Chapter 69 Cloudburst
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    Chapter 70 Cohesion
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    Chapter 72 Cold-Based Glaciers
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    Chapter 73 Condensation Nuclei
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    Chapter 74 Confluence of Rivers
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    Chapter 75 Congelation Ice
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    Chapter 77 Crack
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    Chapter 78 Creep
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    Chapter 79 Crevasses
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    Chapter 80 Critical Temperature
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    Chapter 81 Crush
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    Chapter 82 Crust
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    Chapter 83 Cryoconite
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    Chapter 84 Cryodessication
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    Chapter 85 Cryofront
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    Chapter 86 Cryogenic Aquiclude
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    Chapter 87 Cryogenesis
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    Chapter 88 Cryogenic Fabric
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    Chapter 89 Cryolithology
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    Chapter 90 Cryopeg
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    Chapter 91 Cryosol
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    Chapter 93 Cryostatic Pressure
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    Chapter 94 Cryostructure
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    Chapter 95 Cryoturbation
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    Chapter 98 Dead Ice
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    Chapter 99 Debris
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    Chapter 101 Debris Thermal Properties and Impact on Ice Ablation
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    Chapter 102 Deglaciation
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    Chapter 104 Degree-Days
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    Chapter 109 Depletion of Snow Cover
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    Chapter 110 Deposition from Debris-Rich Ice
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    Chapter 112 Digital Elevation Model Generation Over Glacierized Region
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    Chapter 114 Direct Surface Runoff
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    Chapter 115 Discharge/Streamflow
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    Chapter 117 Distributary Channels
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    Chapter 118 Diurnal Cycle of Runoff
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    Chapter 120 Diverging Ice Flow
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    Chapter 121 Drift Glacier/ice/snow
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    Chapter 124 Dry Snow
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    Chapter 125 Dry and Wet Snow Line/Zone
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    Chapter 126 Dye Tracer Investigations of Glacier Hydrology
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    Chapter 127 Dynamics of Glaciers
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    Chapter 130 Elongation Ratio
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    Chapter 134 Englacial Conduit
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    Chapter 135 Englacial Processes
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    Chapter 137 Environmental Isotopes
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    Chapter 138 Epigenetic Ice
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    Chapter 139 Epiglacial Morphology
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    Chapter 140 Equilibrium-Line Altitude (ELA)
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    Chapter 141 Erosion of Hard Rock Bed
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    Chapter 142 Erosion Rate
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    Chapter 144 Estuary Ice Cover
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    Chapter 146 Fast Ice
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    Chapter 147 Finger Rafting
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    Chapter 150 Fjords
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    Chapter 156 Foliation
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    Chapter 157 Forbes Band
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    Chapter 158 Formation and Deformation of Basal Ice
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    Chapter 160 Frazil
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    Chapter 161 Freezing Bottom (Ice Shelf)
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    Chapter 163 Freezing and Thawing Index
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    Chapter 164 Freezing Meltwater
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    Chapter 166 Frequency Analysis of Snow Storms
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    Chapter 168 Fresh Water Storage
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    Chapter 169 Frictional Melting
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    Chapter 170 Frost
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    Chapter 171 Frozen Soil Hydrology
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    Chapter 172 Frozen Toe (Outer Zone of Glacier Snout)
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    Chapter 175 Gelisols
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    Chapter 176 Geochemistry of Snow and Ice
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    Chapter 177 Geocryology
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    Chapter 179 Glacial/Interglacial Cycles
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    Chapter 180 Glacial Drainage Characteristics
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    Chapter 181 Glacial Erosion
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    Chapter 182 Glacial Erratic
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    Chapter 183 Glacial Geomorphology and Landforms Evolution
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    Chapter 184 Glacial Grooves
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    Chapter 185 Glacial Striations
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    Chapter 186 Glacial Trough
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    Chapter 188 Glaciation During Times of Enhanced/Reduced Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide
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    Chapter 190 Glacier
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    Chapter 191 Glacier Cave
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    Chapter 192 Glacier Field Studies: Important Things to Notice
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    Chapter 193 Glacier Hydrology
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    Chapter 195 Glacier Motion/Ice Velocity
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    Chapter 196 Glacier Lake Outburst Floods
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    Chapter 198 Glacier Pothole
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    Chapter 199 Glacier Sliding
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    Chapter 200 Glacier System
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    Chapter 201 Glacier Toe
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    Chapter 203 Glacieret
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    Chapter 204 Glacierization
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    Chapter 206 Glaciofluvial
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    Chapter 207 Glaciogenic Deposits
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    Chapter 208 Glaciohydraulic Supercooling
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    Chapter 209 Glaciolacustrine
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    Chapter 210 Glaciomarine
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    Chapter 212 Glacioeustasy
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    Chapter 213 Glacioisostasy
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    Chapter 215 Glaciology
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    Chapter 216 Glaciostatic Pressure/Stress
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    Chapter 217 Glaciotectonic Structures, Landforms, and Processes
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    Chapter 221 Global Warming and its Effect on Snow/Ice/Glaciers
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    Chapter 222 Granulometry
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    Chapter 223 Gravel Sheet
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    Chapter 224 Gravitational Mass Movement Deposits
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    Chapter 225 Gravity Flow (Mass Flow)
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    Chapter 227 Greenland Ice Sheet
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    Chapter 228 Gray-White Ice
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    Chapter 229 Ground Ice
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    Chapter 230 Ground Penetrating Radar Measurements Over Glaciers
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    Chapter 235 Heat and Mass Transfer in Sea Ice
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    Chapter 236 Himalaya
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    Chapter 237 Hindu Kush
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    Chapter 239 Horizontal Component of Ablation
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    Chapter 240 Horizontal Component of Velocity
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    Chapter 242 Hummocks (Peat)
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    Chapter 245 Hydrochemical Characteristics of Snow, Ice, and Glaciers
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    Chapter 247 Hydrogen Isotopes
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    Chapter 248 Encyclopedia of Snow, Ice and Glaciers
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    Chapter 249 Hydrologic Cycle and Snow
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    Chapter 250 Encyclopedia of Snow, Ice and Glaciers
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    Chapter 251 Hypsometry
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    Chapter 252 Hysteresis
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    Chapter 253 Ice
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    Chapter 254 Ice Apron
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    Chapter 256 Ice Caps
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    Chapter 257 Ice Caves
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    Chapter 260 Ice Core
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    Chapter 261 Ice Dams
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    Chapter 277 Encyclopedia of Snow, Ice and Glaciers
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    Chapter 278 Ice Shelf
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    Chapter 286 Icefall
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    Chapter 288 Ice-Marginal Deposition
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    Chapter 289 Ice-Volcano Interactions
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    Chapter 290 Iceland Glaciers
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    Chapter 291 Icicle
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    Chapter 292 Icing
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    Chapter 295 Impacts of Snow and Glaciers on Runoff
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    Chapter 297 Interception of Snow
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    Chapter 298 Interflow
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    Chapter 301 Interstitial Ice
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    Chapter 302 Intrusive Ice
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    Chapter 303 Inventory of Glaciers
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    Chapter 304 Inversion Layers
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    Chapter 305 Inverted Cup Depth Hoar Crystals
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    Chapter 307 Irreducible Water
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    Chapter 308 Isotope Analysis
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    Chapter 309 Isotopic Characteristics of Ice, Snow, and Glaciers
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    Chapter 310 Isotopic Fractionation of Freezing Water
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    Chapter 311 Isotopic Signatures
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    Chapter 312 Kame and Kettle Topography
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    Chapter 313 Glaciers of the Karakoram Himalaya
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    Chapter 314 Katabatic Wind: In Relation With Snow and Glaciers
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    Chapter 315 Kilimanjaro
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    Chapter 316 Lake Ice
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    Chapter 317 Lake Ellsworth
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    Chapter 318 Lake Vostok
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    Chapter 319 Laminated Sediments
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    Chapter 320 Landforms of Glacial Deposition
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    Chapter 321 Landforms of Glacial Erosion
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    Chapter 322 Landforms of Glacial Transportation
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    Chapter 323 Landscapes of Glacial Erosion
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    Chapter 325 Last Glacial Maximum Glaciation (LGM/LGP) in High Asia (Tibet and Surrounding Mountains)
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    Chapter 326 Latent Heat of Condensation
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    Chapter 328 Latent Heat of Fusion/Freezing
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    Chapter 329 Latent Heat of Sublimation
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    Chapter 341 Glacier Mass Balance
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    Chapter 343 Ice Sheet Mass Balance
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    Chapter 420 Proglacial Lakes
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    Chapter 435 Encyclopedia of Snow, Ice and Glaciers
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    Chapter 473 Basal Sediment Evacuation by Subglacial Drainage Systems
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    Chapter 498 Digital Image Information Extraction Techniques for Snow Cover Mapping from Remote Sensing Data
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    Chapter 544 Structural Glaciology
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    Chapter 559 Glacier Surging
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    Chapter 565 Ice Age Cycles: Data, Models, and Uncertainties
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    Chapter 605 Catastrophic Flooding
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    Chapter 606 Lateroglacial
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    Chapter 607 Circulation and Mixing in Ice-Covered Lakes
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    Chapter 608 Glacial Ecosystems
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    Chapter 609 Ice Age Development Theory
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    Chapter 615 Catastrophic Rock Slope Failures and Mountain Glaciers
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    Chapter 616 Dating Glacial Landforms
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    Chapter 622 Debris-Covered Glaciers
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    Chapter 623 Global Outlook of Snowcover, Sea Ice, and Glaciers
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    Chapter 624 Hydropower: Hydroelectric Power Generation from Alpine Glacier Melt
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    Chapter 625 Chemical Processes in Snow and Ice
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    Chapter 628 Ice Covered Lakes
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    Chapter 633 Holocene Glacier Fluctuations
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    Chapter 634 GIS in Glaciology
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    Chapter 637 Ice-Dammed Lakes
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    Chapter 638 Hydrology of Jökulhlaups
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    Chapter 639 Biogeochemistry of Sea Ice
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    Chapter 643 Greenland Glaciers Outside the Ice Sheet
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    Chapter 644 Arctic Hydroclimatology
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    Chapter 646 GRACE in Glaciology
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    Chapter 647 Ice-Marginal Processes
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    Chapter 648 Inverse Methods in Glaciology
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    Chapter 652 Kunlun Mountains
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    Chapter 653 Glacier Bird of the Andes
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    Chapter 654 Glaciations and Groundwater Flow Systems
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    Chapter 655 Global Climate Modeling in Cryospheric Assessment
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    Chapter 656 ICESat Data in Glaciological Studies
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    Chapter 657 International Polar Year 2007–2008
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    Chapter 658 Anisotropic Ice Flow
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    Chapter 660 Ablation Depression
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    Chapter 661 Firn
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    Chapter 665 Ice Age
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    Chapter 666 Ice-Cored Moraines
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    Chapter 667 Glacial Overdeepening
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    Chapter 671 High Elevation Glacio-Climatology
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    Chapter 673 Himalayan Glaciers in 2010 and 2035
  257. Altmetric Badge
    Chapter 690 Estimation of Glacier Volume and Volume Change by Scaling Methods
Attention for Chapter 170: Frost
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Chapter title
Frost
Chapter number 170
Book title
Encyclopedia of Snow, Ice and Glaciers
Published by
Springer Netherlands, August 2014
DOI 10.1007/978-90-481-2642-2_170
Book ISBNs
978-9-04-812641-5, 978-9-04-812642-2
Authors

Alan W. Rempel

Editors

Vijay P. Singh, Pratap Singh, Umesh K. Haritashya

Mendeley readers

Mendeley readers

The data shown below were compiled from readership statistics for 84 Mendeley readers of this research output. Click here to see the associated Mendeley record.

Geographical breakdown

Country Count As %
United States 1 1%
Unknown 83 99%

Demographic breakdown

Readers by professional status Count As %
Researcher 11 13%
Student > Bachelor 11 13%
Student > Ph. D. Student 8 10%
Other 5 6%
Lecturer 5 6%
Other 22 26%
Unknown 22 26%
Readers by discipline Count As %
Arts and Humanities 7 8%
Engineering 6 7%
Agricultural and Biological Sciences 5 6%
Social Sciences 4 5%
Medicine and Dentistry 4 5%
Other 30 36%
Unknown 28 33%