Chapter title |
miRNAs in Human Cancer.
|
---|---|
Chapter number | 21 |
Book title |
Next-Generation MicroRNA Expression Profiling Technology
|
Published in |
Methods in molecular biology, January 2012
|
DOI | 10.1007/978-1-61779-427-8_21 |
Pubmed ID | |
Book ISBNs |
978-1-61779-426-1, 978-1-61779-427-8
|
Authors |
Zhong X, Coukos G, Zhang L, Xiaomin Zhong, George Coukos, Lin Zhang, Zhong, Xiaomin, Coukos, George, Zhang, Lin |
Abstract |
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small (∼18-25 nucleotides), endogenous, noncoding RNAs that regulate gene expression in a sequence-specific manner via the degradation of target mRNAs or the inhibition of protein translation. miRNAs are predicted to target up to one-third of all human mRNAs. Each miRNA can target hundreds of transcripts and proteins directly or indirectly, and more than one miRNA can converge on a single target transcript; thus, the potential regulatory circuitry afforded by miRNAs is enormous. Increasing evidence is revealing that the expression of miRNAs is deregulated in cancer. High-throughput miRNA quantification technologies provide powerful tools to study global miRNA profiles. It has become progressively more apparent that, although the number of miRNAs (∼1,000) is much smaller than the number of protein-coding genes (∼22,000), miRNA expression signatures more accurately reflect the developmental lineage and tissue origin of human cancers. Large-scale studies in human cancer have further demonstrated that miRNA expression signatures are associated not only with specific tumor subtypes but also with clinical outcomes. |
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