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HIV Vaccines and Cure

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Attention for Chapter 10: In Vitro and In Vivo Models of HIV Latency
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Chapter title
In Vitro and In Vivo Models of HIV Latency
Chapter number 10
Book title
HIV Vaccines and Cure
Published in
Advances in experimental medicine and biology, January 2018
DOI 10.1007/978-981-13-0484-2_10
Pubmed ID
Book ISBNs
978-9-81-130483-5, 978-9-81-130484-2
Authors

James B. Whitney, R. Brad Jones, Whitney, James B., Brad Jones, R.

Abstract

Latently infected cells are very infrequent in CD4+ T cells from antiretroviral (ARV) treated individuals, with only approximately one in a million infected CD4+ T cells in blood. Given the low frequency of infected cells in vivo, multiple in vitro latency models have been developed to facilitate investigations into mechanisms of HIV latency, as well as to enable the evaluation of pharmacological and immunological interventions aimed at depleting latently infected cells. These in vitro models include clones of transformed cell lines with integrated HIV proviruses or primary CD4+ T cells from uninfected donors that have been infected with HIV in particular conditions. This chapter presents a description of these various in vitro models, along with an overview of their advantages and limitations.Preclinical animal models represent a critical bridge between in vitro studies and human clinical trials. Simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) infection of Indian origin rhesus macaques has been well established as an informative model of HIV infection. Recent years have seen breakthroughs in ARVs that permit the potent suppression of SIV replication, enabling studies of latency and putative curative interventions in this model. Small animal models of HIV infection can be generated by engrafting immunodeficient mice with human immune cells. These "humanized mice" have provided valuable insights into HIV pathogenesis and are under development as models for studying HIV latency. We summarize both the promise of these models and outstanding challenges that remain to be overcome to realize their potential to inform efforts to cure HIV infection.

Mendeley readers

Mendeley readers

The data shown below were compiled from readership statistics for 201 Mendeley readers of this research output. Click here to see the associated Mendeley record.

Geographical breakdown

Country Count As %
Unknown 201 100%

Demographic breakdown

Readers by professional status Count As %
Student > Bachelor 8 4%
Researcher 7 3%
Student > Ph. D. Student 6 3%
Student > Master 4 2%
Student > Doctoral Student 2 <1%
Other 3 1%
Unknown 171 85%
Readers by discipline Count As %
Immunology and Microbiology 8 4%
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology 7 3%
Medicine and Dentistry 6 3%
Agricultural and Biological Sciences 4 2%
Veterinary Science and Veterinary Medicine 1 <1%
Other 2 <1%
Unknown 173 86%