Article
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| Chapter title |
How to Monitor the Neuroimmune Biological Response in Patients Affected by Immune Alteration-Related Systemic Diseases
|
|---|---|
| Book title |
Psychoneuroimmunology
|
| Published in |
Methods in molecular biology, January 2018
|
| DOI | 10.1007/978-1-4939-7828-1_10 |
| Pubmed ID | |
| Book ISBNs |
978-1-4939-7827-4, 978-1-4939-7828-1
|
| Authors |
Paolo Lissoni, Franco Rovelli, Luigi Vigorè, Giusy Messina, Arianna Lissoni, Giorgio Porro, Giuseppe Di Fede |
| Abstract |
The clinical management of patients affected by systemic diseases, including cancer and autoimmune diseases, is generally founded on the evaluation of the only markers related to the single disease rather than the biological immuno-inflammatory response of patients, despite the fundamental role of cytokine network in the pathogenesis of cancer and autoimmunity is well known. Cancer progression has appeared to be associated with a progressive decline in the blood levels of the main antitumor cytokines, including IL-2 and IL-12, in association with an increase in those of inflammatory cytokines, including IL-6, TNF-alpha, and IL-1-beta, and immunosuppressive cytokines, namely TGF-beta and IL-10. On the other hand, the severity of the autoimmune diseases has been proven to be greater in the presence of high blood levels of IL-17, TNF-alpha, IL-6, IL-1-beta, IFN-gamma, and IL-18, in association with low levels of TGF-beta and IL-10. However, because of excessive cost and complexity of analyzing the data regarding the secretion of the single cytokines, the relation between lymphocyte-induced immune activation and monocyte-macrophage-mediated immunosuppression has been recently proven to be expressed by the simple lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (LMR). The evidence of low LMR values has appeared to correlate with a poor prognosis in cancer and with a disease control in the autoimmune diseases. Moreover, since the in vivo immunoinflammatory response is physiologically under a neuroendocrine modulation, for the evaluation of patient biological response it would be necessary to investigate the function of at least the two main neuroendocrine structures involved in the neuroendocrine modulation of the immune responses, consisting of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and the pineal gland, since the lack of physiological circadian rhythm of cortisol and pineal hormone melatonin has appeared to be associated with a worse prognosis in the human systemic diseases. |
X Demographics
The data shown below were collected from the profile of 1 X user who shared this research output. Click here to find out more about how the information was compiled.
Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| United States | 1 | 100% |
Demographic breakdown
| Type | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Members of the public | 1 | 100% |
Mendeley readers
The data shown below were compiled from readership statistics for 19 Mendeley readers of this research output. Click here to see the associated Mendeley record.
Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Unknown | 19 | 100% |
Demographic breakdown
| Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Researcher | 3 | 16% |
| Professor | 2 | 11% |
| Student > Bachelor | 2 | 11% |
| Other | 2 | 11% |
| Student > Ph. D. Student | 2 | 11% |
| Other | 6 | 32% |
| Unknown | 2 | 11% |
| Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Medicine and Dentistry | 5 | 26% |
| Psychology | 3 | 16% |
| Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 1 | 5% |
| Nursing and Health Professions | 1 | 5% |
| Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutical Science | 1 | 5% |
| Other | 4 | 21% |
| Unknown | 4 | 21% |
Attention Score in Context
This research output has an Altmetric Attention Score of 1. This is our high-level measure of the quality and quantity of online attention that it has received. This Attention Score, as well as the ranking and number of research outputs shown below, was calculated when the research output was last mentioned on 01 May 2018.
All research outputs
#20,483,282
of 23,045,021 outputs
Outputs from Methods in molecular biology
#9,975
of 13,194 outputs
Outputs of similar age
#378,267
of 442,426 outputs
Outputs of similar age from Methods in molecular biology
#1,194
of 1,499 outputs
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So far Altmetric has tracked 13,194 research outputs from this source. They receive a mean Attention Score of 3.4. This one is in the 1st percentile – i.e., 1% of its peers scored the same or lower than it.
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