Chapter title |
NO-independent, haem-dependent soluble guanylate cyclase stimulators.
|
---|---|
Chapter number | 13 |
Book title |
cGMP: Generators, Effectors and Therapeutic Implications
|
Published in |
Handbook of experimental pharmacology, December 2008
|
DOI | 10.1007/978-3-540-68964-5_13 |
Pubmed ID | |
Book ISBNs |
978-3-54-068960-7, 978-3-54-068964-5
|
Authors |
Stasch JP, Hobbs AJ, Johannes-Peter Stasch, Adrian J. Hobbs, Stasch, Johannes-Peter, Hobbs, Adrian J. |
Abstract |
The nitric oxide (NO) signalling pathway is altered in cardiovascular diseases, including systemic and pulmonary hypertension, stroke, and atherosclerosis. The vasodilatory properties of NO have been exploited for over a century in cardiovascular disease, but NO donor drugs and inhaled NO are associated with significant shortcomings, including resistance to NO in some disease states, the development of tolerance during long-term treatment, and non-specific effects such as post-translational modification of proteins. The development of pharmacological agents capable of directly stimulating the NO receptor, soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC), is therefore highly desirable. The benzylindazole compound YC-1 was the first sGC stimulator to be identified; this compound formed a lead structure for the development of optimized sGC stimulators with improved potency and specificity for sGC, including CFM-1571, BAY 41-2272, BAY 41-8543, and BAY 63-2521. In contrast to the NO- and haem-independent sGC activators such as BAY 58-2667, these compounds stimulate sGC activity independent of NO and also act in synergy with NO to produce anti-aggregatory, anti-proliferative, and vasodilatory effects. Recently, aryl-acrylamide compounds were identified independent of YC-1 as sGC stimulators; although structurally dissimilar to YC-1, they have a similar mode of action and promote smooth muscle relaxation. Pharmacological stimulators of sGC may be beneficial in the treatment of a range of diseases, including systemic and pulmonary hypertension, heart failure, atherosclerosis, erectile dysfunction, and renal fibrosis. An sGC stimulator, BAY 63-2521, is currently in clinical development as an oral therapy for patients with pulmonary hypertension. It has demonstrated efficacy in a proof-of-concept study, reducing pulmonary vascular resistance and increasing cardiac output from baseline. A full, phase 2 trial of BAY 63-2521 in pulmonary hypertension is underway. |
Mendeley readers
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
United States | 1 | 2% |
France | 1 | 2% |
Unknown | 46 | 96% |
Demographic breakdown
Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Student > Bachelor | 10 | 21% |
Student > Ph. D. Student | 9 | 19% |
Researcher | 7 | 15% |
Student > Master | 5 | 10% |
Professor | 4 | 8% |
Other | 5 | 10% |
Unknown | 8 | 17% |
Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Medicine and Dentistry | 17 | 35% |
Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 8 | 17% |
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 4 | 8% |
Chemistry | 4 | 8% |
Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutical Science | 2 | 4% |
Other | 5 | 10% |
Unknown | 8 | 17% |