Chapter title |
Assays to Measure Latency, Reservoirs, and Reactivation
|
---|---|
Chapter number | 75 |
Book title |
HIV-1 Latency
|
Published in |
Current topics in microbiology and immunology, January 2017
|
DOI | 10.1007/82_2017_75 |
Pubmed ID | |
Book ISBNs |
978-3-03-002815-2, 978-3-03-002816-9
|
Authors |
Janet D. Siliciano, Robert F. Siliciano, Siliciano, Janet D., Siliciano, Robert F. |
Abstract |
HIV-1 persists even in patients who are successfully treated with combination antiretroviral therapy. The major barrier to cure is a small pool of latently infected resting CD4(+) T cells carrying an integrated copy of the viral genome that is not expressed while the cells remain in a resting state. Targeting this latent reservoir is a major focus of HIV-1 cure research, and the development of a rapid and scalable assay for the reservoir is a rate-limiting step in the search for a cure. The most commonly used assays are standard PCR assays targeting conserved regions of the HIV-1 genome. However, because the vast majority of HIV-1 proviruses are defective, such assays may not accurately capture changes in the minor subset of proviruses that are replication-competent and that pose a barrier to cure. On the other hand, the viral outgrowth assay that was used to initially define the latent reservoir may underestimate reservoir size because not all replication-competent proviruses are induced by a single round of T cell activation in this assay. Therefore, this assay is best regarded as a definitive minimal estimate of reservoir size. The best approach may be to measure all of the proviruses with the potential to cause viral rebound. A variety of novel assays have recently been described. Ultimately, the assay that best predicts time to viral rebound will be the most useful to the cure effort. |
X Demographics
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
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United States | 2 | 67% |
Unknown | 1 | 33% |
Demographic breakdown
Type | Count | As % |
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Members of the public | 2 | 67% |
Scientists | 1 | 33% |
Mendeley readers
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Unknown | 38 | 100% |
Demographic breakdown
Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Student > Ph. D. Student | 6 | 16% |
Researcher | 5 | 13% |
Student > Bachelor | 4 | 11% |
Student > Master | 4 | 11% |
Professor | 1 | 3% |
Other | 3 | 8% |
Unknown | 15 | 39% |
Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Medicine and Dentistry | 9 | 24% |
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 6 | 16% |
Immunology and Microbiology | 6 | 16% |
Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 2 | 5% |
Psychology | 1 | 3% |
Other | 0 | 0% |
Unknown | 14 | 37% |