| Chapter title |
LC3 and Autophagy.
|
|---|---|
| Chapter number | 4 |
| Book title |
Autophagosome and Phagosome
|
| Published in |
Methods in molecular biology, January 2008
|
| DOI | 10.1007/978-1-59745-157-4_4 |
| Pubmed ID | |
| Book ISBNs |
978-1-58829-853-9, 978-1-59745-157-4
|
| Authors |
Isei Tanida, Takashi Ueno, Eiki Kominami, Tanida, Isei, Ueno, Takashi, Kominami, Eiki |
| Abstract |
Microtubule-associated protein 1A/1B-light chain 3 (LC3) is a soluble protein with a molecular mass of approximately 17 kDa that is distributed ubiquitously in mammalian tissues and cultured cells. During autophagy, autophagosomes engulf cytoplasmic components, including cytosolic proteins and organelles. Concomitantly, a cytosolic form of LC3 (LC3-I) is conjugated to phosphatidylethanolamine to form LC3-phosphatidylethanolamine conjugate (LC3-II), which is recruited to autophagosomal membranes. Autophagosomes fuse with lysosomes to form autolysosomes, and intra-autophagosomal components are degraded by lysosomal hydrolases. At the same time, LC3-II in autolysosomal lumen is degraded. Thus, lysosomal turnover of the autophagosomal marker LC3-II reflects starvation-induced autophagic activity, and detecting LC3 by immunoblotting or immunofluorescence has become a reliable method for monitoring autophagy and autophagy-related processes, including autophagic cell death. Here we describe basic protocols to assay for endogenous LC3-II by immunoblotting, immunoprecipitation, and immunofluorescence. |
X Demographics
Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Unknown | 1 | 100% |
Demographic breakdown
| Type | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Members of the public | 1 | 100% |
Mendeley readers
Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Germany | 4 | <1% |
| United States | 4 | <1% |
| United Kingdom | 3 | <1% |
| Switzerland | 2 | <1% |
| Singapore | 2 | <1% |
| Czechia | 2 | <1% |
| Portugal | 1 | <1% |
| Brazil | 1 | <1% |
| Netherlands | 1 | <1% |
| Other | 4 | <1% |
| Unknown | 1359 | 98% |
Demographic breakdown
| Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Student > Ph. D. Student | 290 | 21% |
| Student > Bachelor | 204 | 15% |
| Student > Master | 202 | 15% |
| Researcher | 137 | 10% |
| Student > Doctoral Student | 73 | 5% |
| Other | 123 | 9% |
| Unknown | 354 | 26% |
| Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 328 | 24% |
| Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 305 | 22% |
| Medicine and Dentistry | 119 | 9% |
| Neuroscience | 63 | 5% |
| Immunology and Microbiology | 44 | 3% |
| Other | 134 | 10% |
| Unknown | 390 | 28% |