Chapter title |
Safety of creatine supplementation.
|
---|---|
Chapter number | 14 |
Book title |
Creatine and Creatine Kinase in Health and Disease
|
Published in |
Sub cellular biochemistry, July 2008
|
DOI | 10.1007/978-1-4020-6486-9_14 |
Pubmed ID | |
Book ISBNs |
978-1-4020-6485-2, 978-1-4020-6486-9
|
Authors |
Persky AM, Rawson ES, Adam M. Persky, Eric S. Rawson, Persky, Adam M., Rawson, Eric S. |
Abstract |
The literature on creatine supplementation supporting its efficacy has grown rapidly and has included studies in both healthy volunteers and patient populations. However, the first rule in the development of therapeutic agents is safety. Creatine is well-tolerated in most individuals in short-term studies. However, isolated reports suggest creatine may be associated with various side effects affecting several organ systems including skeletal muscle, the kidney and the gastrointestinal tract. The majority of clinical studies fail to find an increased incidence of side effects with creatine supplementation. To date, studies have not found clinically significant deviations from normal values in renal, hepatic, cardiac or muscle function. Few data are available on the long-term consequences of creatine supplementation. |
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Canada | 1 | 4% |
Norway | 1 | 4% |
Germany | 1 | 4% |
Unknown | 9 | 32% |
Demographic breakdown
Type | Count | As % |
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Members of the public | 14 | 50% |
Practitioners (doctors, other healthcare professionals) | 8 | 29% |
Scientists | 5 | 18% |
Unknown | 1 | 4% |
Mendeley readers
Geographical breakdown
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Netherlands | 2 | 3% |
Germany | 1 | 1% |
Unknown | 76 | 96% |
Demographic breakdown
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Student > Ph. D. Student | 11 | 14% |
Student > Master | 10 | 13% |
Researcher | 5 | 6% |
Professor > Associate Professor | 5 | 6% |
Other | 12 | 15% |
Unknown | 15 | 19% |
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Medicine and Dentistry | 12 | 15% |
Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 8 | 10% |
Nursing and Health Professions | 6 | 8% |
Neuroscience | 5 | 6% |
Other | 13 | 16% |
Unknown | 19 | 24% |