Chapter title |
Glycosylation in Autoimmune Diseases
|
---|---|
Book title |
The Role of Glycosylation in Health and Disease
|
Published in |
Advances in experimental medicine and biology, September 2021
|
DOI | 10.1007/978-3-030-70115-4_10 |
Pubmed ID | |
Book ISBNs |
978-3-03-070114-7, 978-3-03-070115-4
|
Authors |
Ząbczyńska, Marta, Link-Lenczowski, Paweł, Pocheć, Ewa, Marta Ząbczyńska, Paweł Link-Lenczowski, Ewa Pocheć |
Abstract |
Autoimmune diseases are accompanied by changes in protein glycosylation, in both the immune system and target tissues. The best-studied alteration in autoimmunity is agalactosylation of immunoglobulin G (IgG), characterized primarily in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and then detected also in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and multiple sclerosis (MS). The rebuilding of IgG N-glycans in RA correlates with the relapses and remissions of the disease, is associated with physiological states such as pregnancy but also depends on applied anti-inflammatory therapy. In turn, a decreased core fucosylation of the whole pool of IgG N-glycans is a serum glycomarker in autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITD) encompassing Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) and Grave's disease (GD). However, fucosylation of anti-thyroglobulin IgG (an immunological marker of HT) was elevated in HT serum. Core fucosylation of IgG oligosaccharides was also lowered in MS and SLE. In AITD and IBD, chronic inflammation T lymphocytes showed the reduced expression of MGAT5 gene encoding β1,6-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase V (GnT-V) responsible for β1,6-branching of N-glycans, which is important for T cell receptor activation. Structural changes of glycans have a profound effect on the pro-inflammatory activity of immune cells and serum immune proteins, including IgG in autoimmunity. |
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